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Load Balance

We evaluate the automatic load-balancing provided by proactive replication in CoDoNS by quantifying load balance using the coefficient of variation, defined as the ratio of the standard deviation of the load across all the nodes to the mean load. The overall average of query load is about 6.5 per second for the system.

Figure: Load Balance vs Time: CoDoNS handles flash-crowds by balancing the query load uniformly across nodes. The graph shows load balance as a ratio of the standard deviation to the mean across all nodes.
\begin{figure}\centering\psfig{file=load.eps, width=3in}\end{figure}

Figure 8 shows the load balance in queries handled by CoDoNS servers, either from their internal cache or by querying the legacy DNS, for the duration of the workload. At the start of the experiment, the query load is highly unbalanced, since home nodes of popular domain names receive far greater number of queries than average. The imbalance is significantly reduced as the records for popular domains get replicated in the system. Even when a flash-crowd is introduced at the six hour mark, dynamic changes in caching keep the load balanced after a temporary increase in load variance. Overall, continuous monitoring and adaptation of proactive caching enable CoDoNS to respond to drastic changes in the popularity of names and handle flash crowds.

The network bandwidth and per-node storage costs incurred by proactive caching are modest. The average bandwidth consumed over the entire experiment was 12.2 KB/s per node (std. dev. 2.26 KB/s) for all network activities. The average number of records per node was 4217 (std. dev. 348), a mere 10% of the total number of records. These records require, on average, 13 MB per node. These measurements indicate that CoDoNS distributes the load evenly across the system and incurs low uniform bandwidth and storage overhead at each node.


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Next: Update Propagation Up: Evaluation Previous: Flash-crowd Effect
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