<article>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#article10_02_01_1722252</id>
	<title>Super Strong Metal Foam Discovered</title>
	<author>ScuttleMonkey</author>
	<datestamp>1265013540000</datestamp>
	<htmltext>MikeChino writes to tell us that a North Carolina State University researcher has discovered what appears to be the <a href="http://www.inhabitat.com/2010/02/01/researcher-creates-strongest-metal-foam-ever/">strongest metal foam yet</a>, capable of compressing up to 80\% of its original size under load and still retain the original shape.  The hope is that this amazing material could be used in cars, body armor, or even buildings to absorb the shock from earthquakes.  <i>"Metal foam is exactly what you might think &ndash; a cellular structure made from metal with tiny pockets of space inside. What makes Rabiei&rsquo;s metal foam better than others is that she&rsquo;s been able to make the tiny pockets of space more uniform. And that apparently is what gives it the strength as well as elasticity it needs in order to compress as much as it does without deformation. Many tests are being performed in the laboratory to determine its strength, but so far Rabiei says that the spongy material has 'a much higher strength-to-density ratio than any metal foam that has ever been reported.'  Calculations also predict that in car accidents, when two pieces of her composite metal foam are inserted 'behind the bumper of a car traveling at 28 mph, the impact would feel the same to passengers as an impact traveling at only 5 mph.'"</i></htmltext>
<tokenext>MikeChino writes to tell us that a North Carolina State University researcher has discovered what appears to be the strongest metal foam yet , capable of compressing up to 80 \ % of its original size under load and still retain the original shape .
The hope is that this amazing material could be used in cars , body armor , or even buildings to absorb the shock from earthquakes .
" Metal foam is exactly what you might think    a cellular structure made from metal with tiny pockets of space inside .
What makes Rabiei    s metal foam better than others is that she    s been able to make the tiny pockets of space more uniform .
And that apparently is what gives it the strength as well as elasticity it needs in order to compress as much as it does without deformation .
Many tests are being performed in the laboratory to determine its strength , but so far Rabiei says that the spongy material has 'a much higher strength-to-density ratio than any metal foam that has ever been reported .
' Calculations also predict that in car accidents , when two pieces of her composite metal foam are inserted 'behind the bumper of a car traveling at 28 mph , the impact would feel the same to passengers as an impact traveling at only 5 mph .
' "</tokentext>
<sentencetext>MikeChino writes to tell us that a North Carolina State University researcher has discovered what appears to be the strongest metal foam yet, capable of compressing up to 80\% of its original size under load and still retain the original shape.
The hope is that this amazing material could be used in cars, body armor, or even buildings to absorb the shock from earthquakes.
"Metal foam is exactly what you might think – a cellular structure made from metal with tiny pockets of space inside.
What makes Rabiei’s metal foam better than others is that she’s been able to make the tiny pockets of space more uniform.
And that apparently is what gives it the strength as well as elasticity it needs in order to compress as much as it does without deformation.
Many tests are being performed in the laboratory to determine its strength, but so far Rabiei says that the spongy material has 'a much higher strength-to-density ratio than any metal foam that has ever been reported.
'  Calculations also predict that in car accidents, when two pieces of her composite metal foam are inserted 'behind the bumper of a car traveling at 28 mph, the impact would feel the same to passengers as an impact traveling at only 5 mph.
'"</sentencetext>
</article>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30993244</id>
	<title>The foundations ...</title>
	<author>Anonymous</author>
	<datestamp>1265112900000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>0</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>...for the new generation badass spongebob</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>...for the new generation badass spongebob</tokentext>
<sentencetext>...for the new generation badass spongebob</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30992984</id>
	<title>Re:Body Armor</title>
	<author>vegiVamp</author>
	<datestamp>1265109960000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>It seems to me that part of the energy *does* go somewhere: it is used to deform the body armour, and in this case the foam, which will then use some more of the energy it stored to bounce back to it's original shape.</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>It seems to me that part of the energy * does * go somewhere : it is used to deform the body armour , and in this case the foam , which will then use some more of the energy it stored to bounce back to it 's original shape .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>It seems to me that part of the energy *does* go somewhere: it is used to deform the body armour, and in this case the foam, which will then use some more of the energy it stored to bounce back to it's original shape.</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30987932</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30987498</id>
	<title>Apollo Lunar Lander gear shock absorption system</title>
	<author>thanasakis</author>
	<datestamp>1265020800000</datestamp>
	<modclass>Interestin</modclass>
	<modscore>2</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>This material reminds me of the lunar module's landing gear, made out of collapsible aluminum honeycomb. <a href="http://wiki.teamfrednet.org/index.php/Portal:Lunar\_Lander/Landing\_Gear" title="teamfrednet.org">Look here for the word aluminum</a> [teamfrednet.org]. Highly interesting.</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>This material reminds me of the lunar module 's landing gear , made out of collapsible aluminum honeycomb .
Look here for the word aluminum [ teamfrednet.org ] .
Highly interesting .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>This material reminds me of the lunar module's landing gear, made out of collapsible aluminum honeycomb.
Look here for the word aluminum [teamfrednet.org].
Highly interesting.</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30986698</id>
	<title>Re:Replacement for air bags?</title>
	<author>Primitive Pete</author>
	<datestamp>1265017980000</datestamp>
	<modclass>Interestin</modclass>
	<modscore>5</modscore>
	<htmltext>Maybe, maybe not. Elasticity is not the same thing as softness...  steel is pretty elastic, but you don't necessarily want a face full of it in a car wreck.  OTOH, landing in a bed of inelastic potato chips wouldn't be particularly painful (though it would be itchy).</htmltext>
<tokenext>Maybe , maybe not .
Elasticity is not the same thing as softness... steel is pretty elastic , but you do n't necessarily want a face full of it in a car wreck .
OTOH , landing in a bed of inelastic potato chips would n't be particularly painful ( though it would be itchy ) .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>Maybe, maybe not.
Elasticity is not the same thing as softness...  steel is pretty elastic, but you don't necessarily want a face full of it in a car wreck.
OTOH, landing in a bed of inelastic potato chips wouldn't be particularly painful (though it would be itchy).</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30986580</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30987734</id>
	<title>Re:Body Armor</title>
	<author>Anonymous</author>
	<datestamp>1265021700000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>0</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>&gt;<nobr> <wbr></nobr>... continue to return fire without being thrown back</p><p>There's a law against that.</p><p>It's called Newton's third law.</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>&gt; ... continue to return fire without being thrown backThere 's a law against that.It 's called Newton 's third law .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>&gt; ... continue to return fire without being thrown backThere's a law against that.It's called Newton's third law.</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30986692</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30991130</id>
	<title>Uh, discovered?</title>
	<author>Anonymous</author>
	<datestamp>1265040780000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>0</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>This material wasn't "discovered"- it was developed with years of study and effort.  Natural laws are discovered, veins of uranium ore are discovered, but a material like this is "engineered".</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>This material was n't " discovered " - it was developed with years of study and effort .
Natural laws are discovered , veins of uranium ore are discovered , but a material like this is " engineered " .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>This material wasn't "discovered"- it was developed with years of study and effort.
Natural laws are discovered, veins of uranium ore are discovered, but a material like this is "engineered".</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30986498</id>
	<title>Bumper Cars!</title>
	<author>G2GAlone</author>
	<datestamp>1265017260000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext>Soon the roads will be bumper car mania.</htmltext>
<tokenext>Soon the roads will be bumper car mania .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>Soon the roads will be bumper car mania.</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30995136</id>
	<title>Re:Bullshit</title>
	<author>hesaigo999ca</author>
	<datestamp>1265125800000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>And what is your are of expertise, are you even an engineer?<br>What mass vs. velocity formula do you use to calculate how big the<br>bumper has to be in order for the foam to be able to do what the person says it does,<br>as you are obviously more aware then we are...</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>And what is your are of expertise , are you even an engineer ? What mass vs. velocity formula do you use to calculate how big thebumper has to be in order for the foam to be able to do what the person says it does,as you are obviously more aware then we are.. .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>And what is your are of expertise, are you even an engineer?What mass vs. velocity formula do you use to calculate how big thebumper has to be in order for the foam to be able to do what the person says it does,as you are obviously more aware then we are...</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30986788</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30986740</id>
	<title>Re:Replacement for air bags?</title>
	<author>SatanicPuppy</author>
	<datestamp>1265018160000</datestamp>
	<modclass>Informativ</modclass>
	<modscore>5</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>You'd rather have a big hunk of <em>metal</em> than an airbag? Don't let the "foam" fool you: slamming your face into a block of it at 35mph would only be a little better than running face first into a brick wall at the same speed.</p><p>It's squishy and springy...for metal. But it's not what you'd call <em>soft</em>.</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>You 'd rather have a big hunk of metal than an airbag ?
Do n't let the " foam " fool you : slamming your face into a block of it at 35mph would only be a little better than running face first into a brick wall at the same speed.It 's squishy and springy...for metal .
But it 's not what you 'd call soft .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>You'd rather have a big hunk of metal than an airbag?
Don't let the "foam" fool you: slamming your face into a block of it at 35mph would only be a little better than running face first into a brick wall at the same speed.It's squishy and springy...for metal.
But it's not what you'd call soft.</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30986580</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30989920</id>
	<title>Re:Replacement for air bags?</title>
	<author>Dalambertian</author>
	<datestamp>1265031720000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext>She doesn't say how she arrived at that number, but this video does shed some light on the fabrication/testing.
<a href="http://www.livescience.com/common/media/video/player.php?videoRef=LS\_100129\_metal-foam" title="livescience.com" rel="nofollow">http://www.livescience.com/common/media/video/player.php?videoRef=LS\_100129\_metal-foam</a> [livescience.com] . She has a paper "Evaluation of Modulus of Elasticity of Composite Metal Foams by Experimental and Numerical Techniques", to appear in the Journal of Materials Science and Engineering A. I guess we'll just have to wait.</htmltext>
<tokenext>She does n't say how she arrived at that number , but this video does shed some light on the fabrication/testing .
http : //www.livescience.com/common/media/video/player.php ? videoRef = LS \ _100129 \ _metal-foam [ livescience.com ] .
She has a paper " Evaluation of Modulus of Elasticity of Composite Metal Foams by Experimental and Numerical Techniques " , to appear in the Journal of Materials Science and Engineering A. I guess we 'll just have to wait .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>She doesn't say how she arrived at that number, but this video does shed some light on the fabrication/testing.
http://www.livescience.com/common/media/video/player.php?videoRef=LS\_100129\_metal-foam [livescience.com] .
She has a paper "Evaluation of Modulus of Elasticity of Composite Metal Foams by Experimental and Numerical Techniques", to appear in the Journal of Materials Science and Engineering A. I guess we'll just have to wait.</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30986768</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30993910</id>
	<title>Re:Body Armor</title>
	<author>Anonymous</author>
	<datestamp>1265118960000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>0</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>Been there done that. Remember any new hi-tech 'announced' as a breakthrough for the general public has been invented and fully tested by the military already. What we use or even hear about is at least 10-15 years behind the curve of what is possible technically!</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>Been there done that .
Remember any new hi-tech 'announced ' as a breakthrough for the general public has been invented and fully tested by the military already .
What we use or even hear about is at least 10-15 years behind the curve of what is possible technically !</tokentext>
<sentencetext>Been there done that.
Remember any new hi-tech 'announced' as a breakthrough for the general public has been invented and fully tested by the military already.
What we use or even hear about is at least 10-15 years behind the curve of what is possible technically!</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30986692</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30987230</id>
	<title>http://theoatmeal.com/comics/apostrophe</title>
	<author>drumcat</author>
	<datestamp>1265019840000</datestamp>
	<modclass>Troll</modclass>
	<modscore>0</modscore>
	<htmltext><a href="http://theoatmeal.com/comics/apostrophe" title="theoatmeal.com" rel="nofollow">http://theoatmeal.com/comics/apostrophe</a> [theoatmeal.com]

Dear poster,

Have at it.

Thanks,

-The Grammar Cops</htmltext>
<tokenext>http : //theoatmeal.com/comics/apostrophe [ theoatmeal.com ] Dear poster , Have at it .
Thanks , -The Grammar Cops</tokentext>
<sentencetext>http://theoatmeal.com/comics/apostrophe [theoatmeal.com]

Dear poster,

Have at it.
Thanks,

-The Grammar Cops</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30992884</id>
	<title>Re:Body Armor</title>
	<author>qc\_dk</author>
	<datestamp>1265108400000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext><p><div class="quote"><p>The problem is the use of the word 'absorb'.</p><p>You aren't going to absorb it in any useful amount, you have to spread it.  The energy HAS to go somewhere.</p></div><p>Yes, but then it's a lucky coincidence that all forms of energy are very happy about being transformed into heat.</p></div>
	</htmltext>
<tokenext>The problem is the use of the word 'absorb'.You are n't going to absorb it in any useful amount , you have to spread it .
The energy HAS to go somewhere.Yes , but then it 's a lucky coincidence that all forms of energy are very happy about being transformed into heat .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>The problem is the use of the word 'absorb'.You aren't going to absorb it in any useful amount, you have to spread it.
The energy HAS to go somewhere.Yes, but then it's a lucky coincidence that all forms of energy are very happy about being transformed into heat.
	</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30987932</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30986680</id>
	<title>Now we just need...</title>
	<author>Anonymous</author>
	<datestamp>1265017980000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>0</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>transparent aluminum windshields.</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>transparent aluminum windshields .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>transparent aluminum windshields.</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30987598</id>
	<title>Re:Collision</title>
	<author>mcgrew</author>
	<datestamp>1265021160000</datestamp>
	<modclass>Interestin</modclass>
	<modscore>2</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>In 1976 I was driving a 1974 Gremlin at 50 mph, and had a head on collision with a quarter ton pickup truck that was doing 70. Back then they didn't even have padded dashes, let alone airbags; it was naked steel. I wasn't wearing a seat belt. I bent the steering wheel, and bent the dash where my shoulder hit it. The shoulder was permanently dislocated, but I had no organ damage (well, I may have suffered a concussion) or broken bones.</p><p>After the wreck you couldn't even tell what kind of car it was. I'll tell you though, it hurt like hell! My then-fiancee didn't fare nearly as well, her pelvis was broken in six places and she was in the hospital for a long time.</p><p>I've worn my seat belt ever since. You're in the most danger in the city at 30 mph where these new bumpers wouldn't help -- the deaths come from being t-boned.</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>In 1976 I was driving a 1974 Gremlin at 50 mph , and had a head on collision with a quarter ton pickup truck that was doing 70 .
Back then they did n't even have padded dashes , let alone airbags ; it was naked steel .
I was n't wearing a seat belt .
I bent the steering wheel , and bent the dash where my shoulder hit it .
The shoulder was permanently dislocated , but I had no organ damage ( well , I may have suffered a concussion ) or broken bones.After the wreck you could n't even tell what kind of car it was .
I 'll tell you though , it hurt like hell !
My then-fiancee did n't fare nearly as well , her pelvis was broken in six places and she was in the hospital for a long time.I 've worn my seat belt ever since .
You 're in the most danger in the city at 30 mph where these new bumpers would n't help -- the deaths come from being t-boned .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>In 1976 I was driving a 1974 Gremlin at 50 mph, and had a head on collision with a quarter ton pickup truck that was doing 70.
Back then they didn't even have padded dashes, let alone airbags; it was naked steel.
I wasn't wearing a seat belt.
I bent the steering wheel, and bent the dash where my shoulder hit it.
The shoulder was permanently dislocated, but I had no organ damage (well, I may have suffered a concussion) or broken bones.After the wreck you couldn't even tell what kind of car it was.
I'll tell you though, it hurt like hell!
My then-fiancee didn't fare nearly as well, her pelvis was broken in six places and she was in the hospital for a long time.I've worn my seat belt ever since.
You're in the most danger in the city at 30 mph where these new bumpers wouldn't help -- the deaths come from being t-boned.</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30987104</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30987414</id>
	<title>Next Scientist to go missing?</title>
	<author>sadegs</author>
	<datestamp>1265020500000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext>Don't count on this going very far..
Iran will take her back to use the metal for some nuclear reactor.. then she'll go missing... [story to cont..]

(from the video)
"Feerst of all, this aloomeenum has ten percent denseeeety of the origeeenal alooomeenum"   (in her bad persian accent)</htmltext>
<tokenext>Do n't count on this going very far. . Iran will take her back to use the metal for some nuclear reactor.. then she 'll go missing... [ story to cont.. ] ( from the video ) " Feerst of all , this aloomeenum has ten percent denseeeety of the origeeenal alooomeenum " ( in her bad persian accent )</tokentext>
<sentencetext>Don't count on this going very far..
Iran will take her back to use the metal for some nuclear reactor.. then she'll go missing... [story to cont..]

(from the video)
"Feerst of all, this aloomeenum has ten percent denseeeety of the origeeenal alooomeenum"   (in her bad persian accent)</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30988018</id>
	<title>Re:Replacement for air bags?</title>
	<author>natehoy</author>
	<datestamp>1265022960000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>Probably pretty well, for smaller accidents.  But you wouldn't catch me driving one.</p><p>A (combined) 28MPH accident in a regular car with another regular car is, well, pretty trivial.  Each car is assumed to be doing 14, or one car rear-ends another at 28.  You'll know damned well you hit something, but as long as both people are in decently-designed cars, the worst injury will generally be to the wallet of the person found at fault.  Maybe a little whiplash, but you'd have to be doing something really odd to be killed by it (like not wearing a seatbelt, but I digress, and probably not even then anyway).</p><p>But that's partly because a car is designed for much more serious crashes, and the current design is a compromise between the size of the crumple zone, the G-force you have to subject your occupants to, and how much impact you expect it to take.  If we all drove spheres 150 feet in diameter, we could make them out of pretty soft stuff and absorb 200MPH impacts with nothing more than a few harsh words exchanged.  However, in most accidents, the other car impacts you mere feet from your person, and it's some pretty amazing engineering that leads to anyone walking away from a serious accident at all.</p><p>A well-designed crumple zone "spreads out" the deceleration over as much time as possible, focusing on the more severe deceleration at the cost of making less severe impacts uncomfortable.  If I tune my crumple zone to absorb exactly 40MPH of impact, then I'll be out of crumple zone once the accident reaches 41MPH, and then I hit the solid frame behind the crumple zone and the remainder of the speed is decelerated over a few inches.  A well-designed crumple zone would crumple only halfway, giving me twice the deceleration force (which is less comfy, of course), but leaving me with enough reserve to sustain an 80MPH impact without running out of crumple zone.</p><p>You could take an EXISTING crumple zone and, with a gas ax and a little skill, remove a lot of its materials and re-tune it to absorb a 28MPH accident with very little apparent G-force (5MPH accident).  But that car would be unsafe at any speed much beyond that.  Get into a 50MPH accident, and the difference between 28MPH and 50MPH would be absorbed directly into the car's frame after the crumple zones run out, and you'd be "hurting or harping".  The original crumple zone would be able to give you, say, a sustained survivable (but probably pretty damned uncomfortable) level of G-force up to a 75MPH crash.  Your new crumple zone gives you a really comfortable level of G-forces followed by a sudden G-force when the crumple zone runs out.  If you are still moving at more than about 10-20MPH once the crumple zones run out, you're going to be in a lot of pain, or dead.</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>Probably pretty well , for smaller accidents .
But you would n't catch me driving one.A ( combined ) 28MPH accident in a regular car with another regular car is , well , pretty trivial .
Each car is assumed to be doing 14 , or one car rear-ends another at 28 .
You 'll know damned well you hit something , but as long as both people are in decently-designed cars , the worst injury will generally be to the wallet of the person found at fault .
Maybe a little whiplash , but you 'd have to be doing something really odd to be killed by it ( like not wearing a seatbelt , but I digress , and probably not even then anyway ) .But that 's partly because a car is designed for much more serious crashes , and the current design is a compromise between the size of the crumple zone , the G-force you have to subject your occupants to , and how much impact you expect it to take .
If we all drove spheres 150 feet in diameter , we could make them out of pretty soft stuff and absorb 200MPH impacts with nothing more than a few harsh words exchanged .
However , in most accidents , the other car impacts you mere feet from your person , and it 's some pretty amazing engineering that leads to anyone walking away from a serious accident at all.A well-designed crumple zone " spreads out " the deceleration over as much time as possible , focusing on the more severe deceleration at the cost of making less severe impacts uncomfortable .
If I tune my crumple zone to absorb exactly 40MPH of impact , then I 'll be out of crumple zone once the accident reaches 41MPH , and then I hit the solid frame behind the crumple zone and the remainder of the speed is decelerated over a few inches .
A well-designed crumple zone would crumple only halfway , giving me twice the deceleration force ( which is less comfy , of course ) , but leaving me with enough reserve to sustain an 80MPH impact without running out of crumple zone.You could take an EXISTING crumple zone and , with a gas ax and a little skill , remove a lot of its materials and re-tune it to absorb a 28MPH accident with very little apparent G-force ( 5MPH accident ) .
But that car would be unsafe at any speed much beyond that .
Get into a 50MPH accident , and the difference between 28MPH and 50MPH would be absorbed directly into the car 's frame after the crumple zones run out , and you 'd be " hurting or harping " .
The original crumple zone would be able to give you , say , a sustained survivable ( but probably pretty damned uncomfortable ) level of G-force up to a 75MPH crash .
Your new crumple zone gives you a really comfortable level of G-forces followed by a sudden G-force when the crumple zone runs out .
If you are still moving at more than about 10-20MPH once the crumple zones run out , you 're going to be in a lot of pain , or dead .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>Probably pretty well, for smaller accidents.
But you wouldn't catch me driving one.A (combined) 28MPH accident in a regular car with another regular car is, well, pretty trivial.
Each car is assumed to be doing 14, or one car rear-ends another at 28.
You'll know damned well you hit something, but as long as both people are in decently-designed cars, the worst injury will generally be to the wallet of the person found at fault.
Maybe a little whiplash, but you'd have to be doing something really odd to be killed by it (like not wearing a seatbelt, but I digress, and probably not even then anyway).But that's partly because a car is designed for much more serious crashes, and the current design is a compromise between the size of the crumple zone, the G-force you have to subject your occupants to, and how much impact you expect it to take.
If we all drove spheres 150 feet in diameter, we could make them out of pretty soft stuff and absorb 200MPH impacts with nothing more than a few harsh words exchanged.
However, in most accidents, the other car impacts you mere feet from your person, and it's some pretty amazing engineering that leads to anyone walking away from a serious accident at all.A well-designed crumple zone "spreads out" the deceleration over as much time as possible, focusing on the more severe deceleration at the cost of making less severe impacts uncomfortable.
If I tune my crumple zone to absorb exactly 40MPH of impact, then I'll be out of crumple zone once the accident reaches 41MPH, and then I hit the solid frame behind the crumple zone and the remainder of the speed is decelerated over a few inches.
A well-designed crumple zone would crumple only halfway, giving me twice the deceleration force (which is less comfy, of course), but leaving me with enough reserve to sustain an 80MPH impact without running out of crumple zone.You could take an EXISTING crumple zone and, with a gas ax and a little skill, remove a lot of its materials and re-tune it to absorb a 28MPH accident with very little apparent G-force (5MPH accident).
But that car would be unsafe at any speed much beyond that.
Get into a 50MPH accident, and the difference between 28MPH and 50MPH would be absorbed directly into the car's frame after the crumple zones run out, and you'd be "hurting or harping".
The original crumple zone would be able to give you, say, a sustained survivable (but probably pretty damned uncomfortable) level of G-force up to a 75MPH crash.
Your new crumple zone gives you a really comfortable level of G-forces followed by a sudden G-force when the crumple zone runs out.
If you are still moving at more than about 10-20MPH once the crumple zones run out, you're going to be in a lot of pain, or dead.</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30986768</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.31001586</id>
	<title>US Patent 7,641,984 pertains</title>
	<author>LeadSongDog</author>
	<datestamp>1265107380000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext>See <a href="http://www.freepatentsonline.com/7641984.pdf" title="freepatentsonline.com" rel="nofollow">http://www.freepatentsonline.com/7641984.pdf</a> [freepatentsonline.com]</htmltext>
<tokenext>See http : //www.freepatentsonline.com/7641984.pdf [ freepatentsonline.com ]</tokentext>
<sentencetext>See http://www.freepatentsonline.com/7641984.pdf [freepatentsonline.com]</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.31005280</id>
	<title>Bird bones...</title>
	<author>drkim</author>
	<datestamp>1265128980000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext>...it made me think of bird bones:
<a href="http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1391/548392054\_0a1d20612b\_o.jpg" title="flickr.com" rel="nofollow">http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1391/548392054\_0a1d20612b\_o.jpg</a> [flickr.com]</htmltext>
<tokenext>...it made me think of bird bones : http : //farm2.static.flickr.com/1391/548392054 \ _0a1d20612b \ _o.jpg [ flickr.com ]</tokentext>
<sentencetext>...it made me think of bird bones:
http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1391/548392054\_0a1d20612b\_o.jpg [flickr.com]</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30987498</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30987558</id>
	<title>Discovered?  How about created?</title>
	<author>Anonymous</author>
	<datestamp>1265021040000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>0</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>Discovered?</p><p>How about created?  I'm pretty sure they weren't just out for a walk and stubbed their toe on something and thought "Ow!  That felt like steel."  Then picked it up and thought, "It's as light as foam!"</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>Discovered ? How about created ?
I 'm pretty sure they were n't just out for a walk and stubbed their toe on something and thought " Ow !
That felt like steel .
" Then picked it up and thought , " It 's as light as foam !
"</tokentext>
<sentencetext>Discovered?How about created?
I'm pretty sure they weren't just out for a walk and stubbed their toe on something and thought "Ow!
That felt like steel.
"  Then picked it up and thought, "It's as light as foam!
"</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30988024</id>
	<title>Anonymous Coward</title>
	<author>Anonymous</author>
	<datestamp>1265023020000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>0</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>Going from 25miles/hour to 0 instantly is still gonna feel like going from 25 to 0 instantly.  I can see how maybe more of the car will be intact, but you're still going to feel the same "shock" of impact.</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>Going from 25miles/hour to 0 instantly is still gon na feel like going from 25 to 0 instantly .
I can see how maybe more of the car will be intact , but you 're still going to feel the same " shock " of impact .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>Going from 25miles/hour to 0 instantly is still gonna feel like going from 25 to 0 instantly.
I can see how maybe more of the car will be intact, but you're still going to feel the same "shock" of impact.</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30987144</id>
	<title>Re:Replacement for air bags?</title>
	<author>flitty</author>
	<datestamp>1265019480000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext>Airbags would be bad, but Steering columns might be a better application for this.. perhaps.</htmltext>
<tokenext>Airbags would be bad , but Steering columns might be a better application for this.. perhaps .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>Airbags would be bad, but Steering columns might be a better application for this.. perhaps.</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30986740</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.31021470</id>
	<title>WHATT?</title>
	<author>Anonymous</author>
	<datestamp>1265294700000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>0</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>no sandwich jokes?!</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>no sandwich jokes ?
!</tokentext>
<sentencetext>no sandwich jokes?
!</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30987242</id>
	<title>Still in theaters now ...</title>
	<author>nickheart</author>
	<datestamp>1265019900000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext>I just saw a really interesting documentary on this over the weekend. They called it Unobtainium, but I'm pretty sure that's just marketing speak.

Turns out there's a bunch of it just ready to be harvested about 6 light-years away, but there's a catch<nobr> <wbr></nobr>...</htmltext>
<tokenext>I just saw a really interesting documentary on this over the weekend .
They called it Unobtainium , but I 'm pretty sure that 's just marketing speak .
Turns out there 's a bunch of it just ready to be harvested about 6 light-years away , but there 's a catch .. .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>I just saw a really interesting documentary on this over the weekend.
They called it Unobtainium, but I'm pretty sure that's just marketing speak.
Turns out there's a bunch of it just ready to be harvested about 6 light-years away, but there's a catch ...</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30987624</id>
	<title>IT'S?!</title>
	<author>essjaytee</author>
	<datestamp>1265021280000</datestamp>
	<modclass>Informativ</modclass>
	<modscore>2</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>On a day where grammar and spelling made the front page, surely we can use the correct "its" ?</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>On a day where grammar and spelling made the front page , surely we can use the correct " its " ?</tokentext>
<sentencetext>On a day where grammar and spelling made the front page, surely we can use the correct "its" ?</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30986692</id>
	<title>Body Armor</title>
	<author>SignalFreq</author>
	<datestamp>1265017980000</datestamp>
	<modclass>Insightful</modclass>
	<modscore>4</modscore>
	<htmltext>Place this behind an existing body armor compound (one that stops the bullet) and use the foam to absorb the remaining shock.  Then you could survive being shot and also continue to return fire without being thrown back or suffering bad bruising.</htmltext>
<tokenext>Place this behind an existing body armor compound ( one that stops the bullet ) and use the foam to absorb the remaining shock .
Then you could survive being shot and also continue to return fire without being thrown back or suffering bad bruising .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>Place this behind an existing body armor compound (one that stops the bullet) and use the foam to absorb the remaining shock.
Then you could survive being shot and also continue to return fire without being thrown back or suffering bad bruising.</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30990250</id>
	<title>Re:Replacement for air bags?</title>
	<author>autophile</author>
	<datestamp>1265033940000</datestamp>
	<modclass>Insightful</modclass>
	<modscore>2</modscore>
	<htmltext><blockquote><div><p>OTOH, landing in a bed of inelastic potato chips wouldn't be particularly painful (though it would be itchy).</p></div></blockquote><p>As well as delicious.</p></div>
	</htmltext>
<tokenext>OTOH , landing in a bed of inelastic potato chips would n't be particularly painful ( though it would be itchy ) .As well as delicious .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>OTOH, landing in a bed of inelastic potato chips wouldn't be particularly painful (though it would be itchy).As well as delicious.
	</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30986698</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30987404</id>
	<title>Damn science and cute researchers!</title>
	<author>CFBMoo1</author>
	<datestamp>1265020440000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext>http://www.inhabitat.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/Metal-Foam-2.jpg<br><br>I hate those pictures where you have to try to find the foam.</htmltext>
<tokenext>http : //www.inhabitat.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/Metal-Foam-2.jpgI hate those pictures where you have to try to find the foam .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>http://www.inhabitat.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/Metal-Foam-2.jpgI hate those pictures where you have to try to find the foam.</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30987390</id>
	<title>Re:Bullshit</title>
	<author>Overzeetop</author>
	<datestamp>1265020380000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>It might be flame-ish, but some things don't add up.  The force during impact is proportional to the acceleration from impact speed to zero. For a perfectly designed bumper, the acceleration (change in speed) will be linear from initiation of impact to zero speed.</p><p>Here's the rub - most impact at 28mph is likely going to be absorbed by the crumple zones in the fenders, not the bumper. The bumper is already going to compress at least 25-50\% at impact and this is going to increase that to maybe 90\% (I'm assuming at 28mph it will go partially plastic).  So out of the 8-12" of compression, we're getting an extra 2"-3" from the bumper. The numbers don't quite add up.</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>It might be flame-ish , but some things do n't add up .
The force during impact is proportional to the acceleration from impact speed to zero .
For a perfectly designed bumper , the acceleration ( change in speed ) will be linear from initiation of impact to zero speed.Here 's the rub - most impact at 28mph is likely going to be absorbed by the crumple zones in the fenders , not the bumper .
The bumper is already going to compress at least 25-50 \ % at impact and this is going to increase that to maybe 90 \ % ( I 'm assuming at 28mph it will go partially plastic ) .
So out of the 8-12 " of compression , we 're getting an extra 2 " -3 " from the bumper .
The numbers do n't quite add up .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>It might be flame-ish, but some things don't add up.
The force during impact is proportional to the acceleration from impact speed to zero.
For a perfectly designed bumper, the acceleration (change in speed) will be linear from initiation of impact to zero speed.Here's the rub - most impact at 28mph is likely going to be absorbed by the crumple zones in the fenders, not the bumper.
The bumper is already going to compress at least 25-50\% at impact and this is going to increase that to maybe 90\% (I'm assuming at 28mph it will go partially plastic).
So out of the 8-12" of compression, we're getting an extra 2"-3" from the bumper.
The numbers don't quite add up.</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30986788</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30988490</id>
	<title>Re:What about the kid on the bicycle?</title>
	<author>Cyko\_01</author>
	<datestamp>1265025060000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext><p><div class="quote"><p>So the stupid driver who was texting on their mobile phone or eating a burger is fine, great. What about the ten year old old they've just thumped into with their SUV? Does it help them at all?</p></div><p>they should have been wearing a metal foam bike helmet</p></div>
	</htmltext>
<tokenext>So the stupid driver who was texting on their mobile phone or eating a burger is fine , great .
What about the ten year old old they 've just thumped into with their SUV ?
Does it help them at all ? they should have been wearing a metal foam bike helmet</tokentext>
<sentencetext>So the stupid driver who was texting on their mobile phone or eating a burger is fine, great.
What about the ten year old old they've just thumped into with their SUV?
Does it help them at all?they should have been wearing a metal foam bike helmet
	</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30987372</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30987940</id>
	<title>Re:Body Armor</title>
	<author>DerekLyons</author>
	<datestamp>1265022600000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>On the other hand, the additional thickness and weight increases fatigue and interferes with mobility.</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>On the other hand , the additional thickness and weight increases fatigue and interferes with mobility .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>On the other hand, the additional thickness and weight increases fatigue and interferes with mobility.</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30986692</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30987104</id>
	<title>Collision</title>
	<author>Anonymous</author>
	<datestamp>1265019360000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext><blockquote><div><p>when two pieces of her composite metal foam are inserted "behind the bumper of a car traveling at 28 mph, the impact would feel the same to passengers as an impact traveling at only 5 mph."</p></div></blockquote><p>

Yeah, try that without a seatbelt or airbag then. You'd still be crushing your chest into your steering wheel at 28 MPH, unless this stuff also generates a star trek inertial dampening field.</p></div>
	</htmltext>
<tokenext>when two pieces of her composite metal foam are inserted " behind the bumper of a car traveling at 28 mph , the impact would feel the same to passengers as an impact traveling at only 5 mph .
" Yeah , try that without a seatbelt or airbag then .
You 'd still be crushing your chest into your steering wheel at 28 MPH , unless this stuff also generates a star trek inertial dampening field .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>when two pieces of her composite metal foam are inserted "behind the bumper of a car traveling at 28 mph, the impact would feel the same to passengers as an impact traveling at only 5 mph.
"

Yeah, try that without a seatbelt or airbag then.
You'd still be crushing your chest into your steering wheel at 28 MPH, unless this stuff also generates a star trek inertial dampening field.
	</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30988430</id>
	<title>compression isn't deformation?</title>
	<author>Anonymous</author>
	<datestamp>1265024820000</datestamp>
	<modclass>Interestin</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>Surely I'm not the only one that finds this statement,</p><p>
&nbsp; &nbsp; "capable of compressing up to 80\% of it's original size under load and still retain the original shape",</p><p>to be conflicted.  Or this one,</p><p>
&nbsp; &nbsp; "in order to compress as much as it does without deformation".</p><p>Come on, compression is a form of deformation.</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>Surely I 'm not the only one that finds this statement ,     " capable of compressing up to 80 \ % of it 's original size under load and still retain the original shape " ,to be conflicted .
Or this one ,     " in order to compress as much as it does without deformation " .Come on , compression is a form of deformation .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>Surely I'm not the only one that finds this statement,
    "capable of compressing up to 80\% of it's original size under load and still retain the original shape",to be conflicted.
Or this one,
    "in order to compress as much as it does without deformation".Come on, compression is a form of deformation.</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30999182</id>
	<title>The researcher is a Muslim Woman from Iran !</title>
	<author>Anonymous</author>
	<datestamp>1265139720000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>0</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>I looked for Dr. Afsaneh Rabiei on the net and found she's from Iran! Will this FINALLY convince the mid-east muslim fanatics that women are as capable as men ?</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>I looked for Dr. Afsaneh Rabiei on the net and found she 's from Iran !
Will this FINALLY convince the mid-east muslim fanatics that women are as capable as men ?</tokentext>
<sentencetext>I looked for Dr. Afsaneh Rabiei on the net and found she's from Iran!
Will this FINALLY convince the mid-east muslim fanatics that women are as capable as men ?</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30987250</id>
	<title>(plus) 0ne Informative)</title>
	<author>Anonymous</author>
	<datestamp>1265019960000</datestamp>
	<modclass>Troll</modclass>
	<modscore>-1</modscore>
	<htmltext>Tops responsibility the bottoms butt Survive at all ONE OR THE OTHER c0nfirmed that *BSD Arrogance was irrecoverable</htmltext>
<tokenext>Tops responsibility the bottoms butt Survive at all ONE OR THE OTHER c0nfirmed that * BSD Arrogance was irrecoverable</tokentext>
<sentencetext>Tops responsibility the bottoms butt Survive at all ONE OR THE OTHER c0nfirmed that *BSD Arrogance was irrecoverable</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30986788</id>
	<title>Bullshit</title>
	<author>Karganeth</author>
	<datestamp>1265018280000</datestamp>
	<modclass>Flamebait</modclass>
	<modscore>0</modscore>
	<htmltext>"behind the bumper of a car traveling at 28 mph, the impact would feel the same to passengers as an impact traveling at only 5 mph."<br>
That is complete bullshit. Metal Foam might have some cool properties but it isn't fucking magic.  It's not possible for it to reduce the impact that much - the bumper just isn't big enough.</htmltext>
<tokenext>" behind the bumper of a car traveling at 28 mph , the impact would feel the same to passengers as an impact traveling at only 5 mph .
" That is complete bullshit .
Metal Foam might have some cool properties but it is n't fucking magic .
It 's not possible for it to reduce the impact that much - the bumper just is n't big enough .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>"behind the bumper of a car traveling at 28 mph, the impact would feel the same to passengers as an impact traveling at only 5 mph.
"
That is complete bullshit.
Metal Foam might have some cool properties but it isn't fucking magic.
It's not possible for it to reduce the impact that much - the bumper just isn't big enough.</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30990954</id>
	<title>Re:Bullshit</title>
	<author>jbengt</author>
	<datestamp>1265039160000</datestamp>
	<modclass>Informativ</modclass>
	<modscore>2</modscore>
	<htmltext>It's not just about absorption of energy - a solid, stiff bumper can absorb energy.  It's about rate of deceleration.  The the theoretical minimum is total change in speed over total change in distance (constant deceleration).  The minimum change in speed is fixed by the impacting speed and end speed.  The maximum change in distance is fixed by the depth of the bumper.  The way to minimize deceleration is to get the declereation to happen over a greater distance than the bumper:  allow the engine compartment to crumple and cushion the deceleration, not just the bumper.</htmltext>
<tokenext>It 's not just about absorption of energy - a solid , stiff bumper can absorb energy .
It 's about rate of deceleration .
The the theoretical minimum is total change in speed over total change in distance ( constant deceleration ) .
The minimum change in speed is fixed by the impacting speed and end speed .
The maximum change in distance is fixed by the depth of the bumper .
The way to minimize deceleration is to get the declereation to happen over a greater distance than the bumper : allow the engine compartment to crumple and cushion the deceleration , not just the bumper .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>It's not just about absorption of energy - a solid, stiff bumper can absorb energy.
It's about rate of deceleration.
The the theoretical minimum is total change in speed over total change in distance (constant deceleration).
The minimum change in speed is fixed by the impacting speed and end speed.
The maximum change in distance is fixed by the depth of the bumper.
The way to minimize deceleration is to get the declereation to happen over a greater distance than the bumper:  allow the engine compartment to crumple and cushion the deceleration, not just the bumper.</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30987994</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30995196</id>
	<title>Looks like....</title>
	<author>Muad'Dave</author>
	<datestamp>1265126040000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>My first thought was how similar the metal foam is to a <a href="http://meteorites.wustl.edu/id/brahin\_2570l.jpg" title="wustl.edu">metallic</a> [wustl.edu] <a href="http://meteorites.wustl.edu/id/brenham\_pallasite\_l.jpg" title="wustl.edu">meteorite</a> [wustl.edu].</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>My first thought was how similar the metal foam is to a metallic [ wustl.edu ] meteorite [ wustl.edu ] .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>My first thought was how similar the metal foam is to a metallic [wustl.edu] meteorite [wustl.edu].</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30991036</id>
	<title>Re:Replacement for air bags?</title>
	<author>Nefarious Wheel</author>
	<datestamp>1265039880000</datestamp>
	<modclass>Informativ</modclass>
	<modscore>2</modscore>
	<htmltext><p><div class="quote"><p>Maybe, maybe not. Elasticity is not the same thing as softness... steel is pretty elastic, but you don't necessarily want a face full of it in a car wreck. </p></div><p>Correct.  For an example, take a large steel ball bearing and a solid rubber ball the same size.  Drop them on a concrete floor from the same height..  The steel ball, being more elastic than the rubber(!) will bounce higher.</p><p>The ability of a metal to deform under compressive stress is malleability (the counterpart of this is ductility, which is a measure of tensile stress).  Elasticity is an entirely different 'ticity.</p></div>
	</htmltext>
<tokenext>Maybe , maybe not .
Elasticity is not the same thing as softness... steel is pretty elastic , but you do n't necessarily want a face full of it in a car wreck .
Correct. For an example , take a large steel ball bearing and a solid rubber ball the same size .
Drop them on a concrete floor from the same height.. The steel ball , being more elastic than the rubber ( !
) will bounce higher.The ability of a metal to deform under compressive stress is malleability ( the counterpart of this is ductility , which is a measure of tensile stress ) .
Elasticity is an entirely different 'ticity .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>Maybe, maybe not.
Elasticity is not the same thing as softness... steel is pretty elastic, but you don't necessarily want a face full of it in a car wreck.
Correct.  For an example, take a large steel ball bearing and a solid rubber ball the same size.
Drop them on a concrete floor from the same height..  The steel ball, being more elastic than the rubber(!
) will bounce higher.The ability of a metal to deform under compressive stress is malleability (the counterpart of this is ductility, which is a measure of tensile stress).
Elasticity is an entirely different 'ticity.
	</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30986698</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30992372</id>
	<title>Re:Replacement for air bags?</title>
	<author>Menkhaf</author>
	<datestamp>1265142720000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>...and to carry on on a similar note: how thick would the bumper have to be to slow a regular car down from 28 to 5 mph?</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>...and to carry on on a similar note : how thick would the bumper have to be to slow a regular car down from 28 to 5 mph ?</tokentext>
<sentencetext>...and to carry on on a similar note: how thick would the bumper have to be to slow a regular car down from 28 to 5 mph?</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30986768</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30986768</id>
	<title>Re:Replacement for air bags?</title>
	<author>dintlu</author>
	<datestamp>1265018220000</datestamp>
	<modclass>Interestin</modclass>
	<modscore>4</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>Airbags and bumpers serve two entirely different purposes.</p><p>If this material lives up to the hype (unlikely), your next car will feature both items.</p><p>I'm curious to know more about the 28mph -&gt; 5mph assertion.  That stat was given to the media because it sounds impressive (grant guff), but how does it compare to the deceleration of a traditional auto bumper.</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>Airbags and bumpers serve two entirely different purposes.If this material lives up to the hype ( unlikely ) , your next car will feature both items.I 'm curious to know more about the 28mph - &gt; 5mph assertion .
That stat was given to the media because it sounds impressive ( grant guff ) , but how does it compare to the deceleration of a traditional auto bumper .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>Airbags and bumpers serve two entirely different purposes.If this material lives up to the hype (unlikely), your next car will feature both items.I'm curious to know more about the 28mph -&gt; 5mph assertion.
That stat was given to the media because it sounds impressive (grant guff), but how does it compare to the deceleration of a traditional auto bumper.</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30986580</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30988760</id>
	<title>Re:Body Armor</title>
	<author>GooberToo</author>
	<datestamp>1265026020000</datestamp>
	<modclass>Informativ</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext><p><div class="quote"><p>Vehicular armor is a much more likely use with the foams we have today.</p></div><p>Not likely. Most anything that penetrates vehicle armor today is gong to cut through that stuff like like air. Things that take out vehicle armor include high velocity penetrator rounds and shape charges. Shape charges work by super heating copper alloy and pushing through armor. Its literally hot butter through a knife. Penetrator rounds work by going a couple thousand feet per second, combined with a small frontal area of a super hardened projectile. There is no indication this material will have any affect in this area.</p><p>On the other hand, unlike what you see in the movies, being shot while wearing a bullet proof vest typically results in black and purple bruises at best and more typically broken bones. Basically these vests prevent penetration. But even though it stops penetration, the blunt force trauma is still transfered! Think of a heavy aluminum baseball bat hitting, full swing, for every bullet stopped. And THAT force can very likely be significantly reduced using this material.</p><p>As for military applications, ceramic plates are typically used but those plates don't cover your entire body; else it would seriously inhibit mobility. That's why so many want to see <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon\_Skin\_(body\_armor)" title="wikipedia.org">Dragon Skin</a> [wikipedia.org] issued to soldiers. Which is to say, it completely stops the transfer of energy in addition to the projectile. Additionally, Dragon Skin is more effective as stopping nade shrapnel than is traditional ballistic armors.</p><p>Just the same, a lot of force is still transferred though both the  anti-ballistic materials and traditional ceramic plates. Again, this may serve as a complimentary technology.</p></div>
	</htmltext>
<tokenext>Vehicular armor is a much more likely use with the foams we have today.Not likely .
Most anything that penetrates vehicle armor today is gong to cut through that stuff like like air .
Things that take out vehicle armor include high velocity penetrator rounds and shape charges .
Shape charges work by super heating copper alloy and pushing through armor .
Its literally hot butter through a knife .
Penetrator rounds work by going a couple thousand feet per second , combined with a small frontal area of a super hardened projectile .
There is no indication this material will have any affect in this area.On the other hand , unlike what you see in the movies , being shot while wearing a bullet proof vest typically results in black and purple bruises at best and more typically broken bones .
Basically these vests prevent penetration .
But even though it stops penetration , the blunt force trauma is still transfered !
Think of a heavy aluminum baseball bat hitting , full swing , for every bullet stopped .
And THAT force can very likely be significantly reduced using this material.As for military applications , ceramic plates are typically used but those plates do n't cover your entire body ; else it would seriously inhibit mobility .
That 's why so many want to see Dragon Skin [ wikipedia.org ] issued to soldiers .
Which is to say , it completely stops the transfer of energy in addition to the projectile .
Additionally , Dragon Skin is more effective as stopping nade shrapnel than is traditional ballistic armors.Just the same , a lot of force is still transferred though both the anti-ballistic materials and traditional ceramic plates .
Again , this may serve as a complimentary technology .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>Vehicular armor is a much more likely use with the foams we have today.Not likely.
Most anything that penetrates vehicle armor today is gong to cut through that stuff like like air.
Things that take out vehicle armor include high velocity penetrator rounds and shape charges.
Shape charges work by super heating copper alloy and pushing through armor.
Its literally hot butter through a knife.
Penetrator rounds work by going a couple thousand feet per second, combined with a small frontal area of a super hardened projectile.
There is no indication this material will have any affect in this area.On the other hand, unlike what you see in the movies, being shot while wearing a bullet proof vest typically results in black and purple bruises at best and more typically broken bones.
Basically these vests prevent penetration.
But even though it stops penetration, the blunt force trauma is still transfered!
Think of a heavy aluminum baseball bat hitting, full swing, for every bullet stopped.
And THAT force can very likely be significantly reduced using this material.As for military applications, ceramic plates are typically used but those plates don't cover your entire body; else it would seriously inhibit mobility.
That's why so many want to see Dragon Skin [wikipedia.org] issued to soldiers.
Which is to say, it completely stops the transfer of energy in addition to the projectile.
Additionally, Dragon Skin is more effective as stopping nade shrapnel than is traditional ballistic armors.Just the same, a lot of force is still transferred though both the  anti-ballistic materials and traditional ceramic plates.
Again, this may serve as a complimentary technology.
	</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30986966</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30986666</id>
	<title>A bit more detail here</title>
	<author>jayemcee</author>
	<datestamp>1265017920000</datestamp>
	<modclass>Informativ</modclass>
	<modscore>5</modscore>
	<htmltext><a href="http://www.rexresearch.com/rabiei/rabiei.htm" title="rexresearch.com" rel="nofollow">http://www.rexresearch.com/rabiei/rabiei.htm</a> [rexresearch.com]</htmltext>
<tokenext>http : //www.rexresearch.com/rabiei/rabiei.htm [ rexresearch.com ]</tokentext>
<sentencetext>http://www.rexresearch.com/rabiei/rabiei.htm [rexresearch.com]</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30987812</id>
	<title>I don't mean humanoid, Norman, I mean human.</title>
	<author>Anonymous</author>
	<datestamp>1265022060000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>0</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>Norman, what is this stuff? It's, like, better than rubber, better than steel.</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>Norman , what is this stuff ?
It 's , like , better than rubber , better than steel .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>Norman, what is this stuff?
It's, like, better than rubber, better than steel.</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30990184</id>
	<title>Keep this stuff away from the shuttle.</title>
	<author>PDX</author>
	<datestamp>1265033460000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>If light foam can hit like a brick then this stuff would trash the spacecraft. I heard that NASA was considering an ablative hull design for the next shuttle upgrades.</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>If light foam can hit like a brick then this stuff would trash the spacecraft .
I heard that NASA was considering an ablative hull design for the next shuttle upgrades .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>If light foam can hit like a brick then this stuff would trash the spacecraft.
I heard that NASA was considering an ablative hull design for the next shuttle upgrades.</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30988264</id>
	<title>Re:What about the kid on the bicycle?</title>
	<author>Beardo the Bearded</author>
	<datestamp>1265024160000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>Kid on a bike? I'm 33 years old and I bike to work, you insensitive clod. You're right, though -- no amount of foam on the car is going to help. In the matchup between 2 tons of steel, in any form, vs. 165 pounds of skintanium, skintanium loses every time. I don't have any crumple zones.</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>Kid on a bike ?
I 'm 33 years old and I bike to work , you insensitive clod .
You 're right , though -- no amount of foam on the car is going to help .
In the matchup between 2 tons of steel , in any form , vs. 165 pounds of skintanium , skintanium loses every time .
I do n't have any crumple zones .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>Kid on a bike?
I'm 33 years old and I bike to work, you insensitive clod.
You're right, though -- no amount of foam on the car is going to help.
In the matchup between 2 tons of steel, in any form, vs. 165 pounds of skintanium, skintanium loses every time.
I don't have any crumple zones.</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30987372</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30987578</id>
	<title>Re:Replacement for air bags?</title>
	<author>FlyingBishop</author>
	<datestamp>1265021100000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>Does it matter when the only sample of this material probably costs as much as 5 Hummers, and has enough volume to serve as a bumper for a 4 inch wide RC car?</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>Does it matter when the only sample of this material probably costs as much as 5 Hummers , and has enough volume to serve as a bumper for a 4 inch wide RC car ?</tokentext>
<sentencetext>Does it matter when the only sample of this material probably costs as much as 5 Hummers, and has enough volume to serve as a bumper for a 4 inch wide RC car?</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30986768</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30987140</id>
	<title>Scaling collisions...</title>
	<author>Dogbertius</author>
	<datestamp>1265019480000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext>As a rough approximation, would the decreased shock from collision drop quadratically as opposed to linearly? Someone feeling the shock of a 80mph crash as opposed to 100mph will still likely get hosed off the road at the end of the day.</htmltext>
<tokenext>As a rough approximation , would the decreased shock from collision drop quadratically as opposed to linearly ?
Someone feeling the shock of a 80mph crash as opposed to 100mph will still likely get hosed off the road at the end of the day .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>As a rough approximation, would the decreased shock from collision drop quadratically as opposed to linearly?
Someone feeling the shock of a 80mph crash as opposed to 100mph will still likely get hosed off the road at the end of the day.</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30987186</id>
	<title>Re:Replacement for air bags?</title>
	<author>Anonymous</author>
	<datestamp>1265019720000</datestamp>
	<modclass>Insightful</modclass>
	<modscore>2</modscore>
	<htmltext><p><div class="quote"><p>I think I'd rather have some of this between me and a potential impact than a classic airbag, if it came to the crunch.  What do they use for an inflation gas generator - sodium azide is it?  Nasty stuff.  Like driving around with a firecracker held in front of your face.</p></div><p>I'm thinking if your face is traveling at 80+ kph into metal foam there is a going to be a lot of crunch going around. Airbags made of cloth and gas which deflate when you hit them do enough damage. I'd be more concerned with inhaling the fragments of my teeth and skull that resulted from my face colliding with a metal "pillow" than about inhaling the byproducts of the airbag detonation.</p></div>
	</htmltext>
<tokenext>I think I 'd rather have some of this between me and a potential impact than a classic airbag , if it came to the crunch .
What do they use for an inflation gas generator - sodium azide is it ?
Nasty stuff .
Like driving around with a firecracker held in front of your face.I 'm thinking if your face is traveling at 80 + kph into metal foam there is a going to be a lot of crunch going around .
Airbags made of cloth and gas which deflate when you hit them do enough damage .
I 'd be more concerned with inhaling the fragments of my teeth and skull that resulted from my face colliding with a metal " pillow " than about inhaling the byproducts of the airbag detonation .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>I think I'd rather have some of this between me and a potential impact than a classic airbag, if it came to the crunch.
What do they use for an inflation gas generator - sodium azide is it?
Nasty stuff.
Like driving around with a firecracker held in front of your face.I'm thinking if your face is traveling at 80+ kph into metal foam there is a going to be a lot of crunch going around.
Airbags made of cloth and gas which deflate when you hit them do enough damage.
I'd be more concerned with inhaling the fragments of my teeth and skull that resulted from my face colliding with a metal "pillow" than about inhaling the byproducts of the airbag detonation.
	</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30986580</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30987932</id>
	<title>Re:Body Armor</title>
	<author>Anonymous</author>
	<datestamp>1265022540000</datestamp>
	<modclass>Interestin</modclass>
	<modscore>2</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>The problem is the use of the word 'absorb'.</p><p>You aren't going to absorb it in any useful amount, you have to spread it.  The energy HAS to go somewhere.</p><p>People aren't really thrown back, they are knocked off balance because they weren't prepared for the energy imparted on them.  If getting shot actually 'knocked you back' it would do the same to the person firing.</p><p>Body armor just helps spread the force across a larger area.  Your body is pretty damn resilient, but when you rich the breaking point it just falls apart.  Body armor tries to prevent it from reaching that breaking point by taking say (totally making numbers up here, I have no idea what the real values are) 2500 pounds of force in a 1/4" area and spreading it across say 10 inches of surface area, NOW you've got something that while it'll hurt like hell, won't actually kill you.</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>The problem is the use of the word 'absorb'.You are n't going to absorb it in any useful amount , you have to spread it .
The energy HAS to go somewhere.People are n't really thrown back , they are knocked off balance because they were n't prepared for the energy imparted on them .
If getting shot actually 'knocked you back ' it would do the same to the person firing.Body armor just helps spread the force across a larger area .
Your body is pretty damn resilient , but when you rich the breaking point it just falls apart .
Body armor tries to prevent it from reaching that breaking point by taking say ( totally making numbers up here , I have no idea what the real values are ) 2500 pounds of force in a 1/4 " area and spreading it across say 10 inches of surface area , NOW you 've got something that while it 'll hurt like hell , wo n't actually kill you .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>The problem is the use of the word 'absorb'.You aren't going to absorb it in any useful amount, you have to spread it.
The energy HAS to go somewhere.People aren't really thrown back, they are knocked off balance because they weren't prepared for the energy imparted on them.
If getting shot actually 'knocked you back' it would do the same to the person firing.Body armor just helps spread the force across a larger area.
Your body is pretty damn resilient, but when you rich the breaking point it just falls apart.
Body armor tries to prevent it from reaching that breaking point by taking say (totally making numbers up here, I have no idea what the real values are) 2500 pounds of force in a 1/4" area and spreading it across say 10 inches of surface area, NOW you've got something that while it'll hurt like hell, won't actually kill you.</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30986692</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30988320</id>
	<title>WHhooaa Babee</title>
	<author>Anonymous</author>
	<datestamp>1265024340000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>0</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>Metal Foam Penile Implants!!!</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>Metal Foam Penile Implants ! !
!</tokentext>
<sentencetext>Metal Foam Penile Implants!!
!</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30987008</id>
	<title>The link does not work.</title>
	<author>methamorph</author>
	<datestamp>1265019060000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext>Error establishing a database connection...
Is there any other link to the article?</htmltext>
<tokenext>Error establishing a database connection.. . Is there any other link to the article ?</tokentext>
<sentencetext>Error establishing a database connection...
Is there any other link to the article?</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30988814</id>
	<title>Re:Replacement for air bags?</title>
	<author>Ladysman3621</author>
	<datestamp>1265026200000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext>What I think they are trying to say has to do with impulse, or force over time.  In the case of a crash, your body is traveling with the car at some speed when the car hits something and stops.  The longer it takes for your body to slow down to rest, the less force is applied to your body to slow it down.  I believe they are trying to say that currently the force exerted on a person during a crash at 5mph would be the same force as a crash at 28mph in a car that utilizes metal foam.</htmltext>
<tokenext>What I think they are trying to say has to do with impulse , or force over time .
In the case of a crash , your body is traveling with the car at some speed when the car hits something and stops .
The longer it takes for your body to slow down to rest , the less force is applied to your body to slow it down .
I believe they are trying to say that currently the force exerted on a person during a crash at 5mph would be the same force as a crash at 28mph in a car that utilizes metal foam .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>What I think they are trying to say has to do with impulse, or force over time.
In the case of a crash, your body is traveling with the car at some speed when the car hits something and stops.
The longer it takes for your body to slow down to rest, the less force is applied to your body to slow it down.
I believe they are trying to say that currently the force exerted on a person during a crash at 5mph would be the same force as a crash at 28mph in a car that utilizes metal foam.</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30986768</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.31001774</id>
	<title>Re:Body Armor</title>
	<author>Grishnakh</author>
	<datestamp>1265108340000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext><p><i>People aren't really thrown back, they are knocked off balance because they weren't prepared for the energy imparted on them. If getting shot actually 'knocked you back' it would do the same to the person firing.</i></p><p>Don't be such an idiot.  Haven't you watched any movies?  When someone shoots another person with a gun, that person gets thrown across the room!</p><p>I'll bet one of you nerds is going to tell me now that movies aren't realistic....</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>People are n't really thrown back , they are knocked off balance because they were n't prepared for the energy imparted on them .
If getting shot actually 'knocked you back ' it would do the same to the person firing.Do n't be such an idiot .
Have n't you watched any movies ?
When someone shoots another person with a gun , that person gets thrown across the room ! I 'll bet one of you nerds is going to tell me now that movies are n't realistic... .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>People aren't really thrown back, they are knocked off balance because they weren't prepared for the energy imparted on them.
If getting shot actually 'knocked you back' it would do the same to the person firing.Don't be such an idiot.
Haven't you watched any movies?
When someone shoots another person with a gun, that person gets thrown across the room!I'll bet one of you nerds is going to tell me now that movies aren't realistic....</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30987932</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30987820</id>
	<title>Re:Replacement for air bags?</title>
	<author>Anonymous</author>
	<datestamp>1265022120000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>0</modscore>
	<htmltext><p><div class="quote"><p>Airbags would be bad, but Steering columns might be a better application for this.. perhaps.</p></div><p>Wouldn't have thought so. Prior to an accident, you want absolute stiffness in your steering column . Even a small amount of flex and elasticity would cause control issues.</p><p>I think an "ideal" steering column would remain the same length and shape until just under the force that would push it into the cabin actually causes it to collapse/shatter in on itself. Think of a stick of bamboo - strong and rigid along it's length, but a carefully placed wedge in the tip of it would cause it to split and shatter outwards and away from the driver if any force is applied in a crash. A steering column that had the extra strength and stiffness of metal, but the tendency to split of bamboo would be better than a springy, compressible metal.</p></div>
	</htmltext>
<tokenext>Airbags would be bad , but Steering columns might be a better application for this.. perhaps.Would n't have thought so .
Prior to an accident , you want absolute stiffness in your steering column .
Even a small amount of flex and elasticity would cause control issues.I think an " ideal " steering column would remain the same length and shape until just under the force that would push it into the cabin actually causes it to collapse/shatter in on itself .
Think of a stick of bamboo - strong and rigid along it 's length , but a carefully placed wedge in the tip of it would cause it to split and shatter outwards and away from the driver if any force is applied in a crash .
A steering column that had the extra strength and stiffness of metal , but the tendency to split of bamboo would be better than a springy , compressible metal .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>Airbags would be bad, but Steering columns might be a better application for this.. perhaps.Wouldn't have thought so.
Prior to an accident, you want absolute stiffness in your steering column .
Even a small amount of flex and elasticity would cause control issues.I think an "ideal" steering column would remain the same length and shape until just under the force that would push it into the cabin actually causes it to collapse/shatter in on itself.
Think of a stick of bamboo - strong and rigid along it's length, but a carefully placed wedge in the tip of it would cause it to split and shatter outwards and away from the driver if any force is applied in a crash.
A steering column that had the extra strength and stiffness of metal, but the tendency to split of bamboo would be better than a springy, compressible metal.
	</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30987144</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30986966</id>
	<title>Re:Body Armor</title>
	<author>Red Flayer</author>
	<datestamp>1265018880000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext><blockquote><div><p>Place this behind an existing body armor compound (one that stops the bullet) and use the foam to absorb the remaining shock. Then you could survive being shot and also continue to return fire without being thrown back or suffering bad bruising.</p></div></blockquote><p>FWIW, I think we're a long way away from metal foams being used as personal body armor.  Yes, they'll absorb some of the energy, but they'd still be bulky and heavy. <br> <br>Vehicular armor is a much more likely use with the foams we have today.</p></div>
	</htmltext>
<tokenext>Place this behind an existing body armor compound ( one that stops the bullet ) and use the foam to absorb the remaining shock .
Then you could survive being shot and also continue to return fire without being thrown back or suffering bad bruising.FWIW , I think we 're a long way away from metal foams being used as personal body armor .
Yes , they 'll absorb some of the energy , but they 'd still be bulky and heavy .
Vehicular armor is a much more likely use with the foams we have today .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>Place this behind an existing body armor compound (one that stops the bullet) and use the foam to absorb the remaining shock.
Then you could survive being shot and also continue to return fire without being thrown back or suffering bad bruising.FWIW, I think we're a long way away from metal foams being used as personal body armor.
Yes, they'll absorb some of the energy, but they'd still be bulky and heavy.
Vehicular armor is a much more likely use with the foams we have today.
	</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30986692</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30987884</id>
	<title>Why has nobody mentioned</title>
	<author>Anonymous</author>
	<datestamp>1265022360000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>0</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>the weight factor?</p><p>If you make a car out of this instead of solid metal, it will weigh less while still providing...close...to the same protection.  So we can have cars that are the same shielding of SUVs while having more maneuverability and MPG, right?  Of course, for a lot more cash down, but whatever right?</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>the weight factor ? If you make a car out of this instead of solid metal , it will weigh less while still providing...close...to the same protection .
So we can have cars that are the same shielding of SUVs while having more maneuverability and MPG , right ?
Of course , for a lot more cash down , but whatever right ?</tokentext>
<sentencetext>the weight factor?If you make a car out of this instead of solid metal, it will weigh less while still providing...close...to the same protection.
So we can have cars that are the same shielding of SUVs while having more maneuverability and MPG, right?
Of course, for a lot more cash down, but whatever right?</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30992558</id>
	<title>Transparent ?</title>
	<author>Zoxed</author>
	<datestamp>1265102340000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>If it is not transparent then I am not interested<nobr> <wbr></nobr>:-)</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>If it is not transparent then I am not interested : - )</tokentext>
<sentencetext>If it is not transparent then I am not interested :-)</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30987312</id>
	<title>Re:Replacement for air bags?</title>
	<author>PitaBred</author>
	<datestamp>1265020140000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>Perhaps she wasn't comparing the 28mph to a 5pmh with current bumpers, but a 5mph perfectly inelastic collision? Can't tell for sure.</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>Perhaps she was n't comparing the 28mph to a 5pmh with current bumpers , but a 5mph perfectly inelastic collision ?
Ca n't tell for sure .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>Perhaps she wasn't comparing the 28mph to a 5pmh with current bumpers, but a 5mph perfectly inelastic collision?
Can't tell for sure.</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30986768</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30987672</id>
	<title>Re:Grammar? Writing? Editors?</title>
	<author>ArsonSmith</author>
	<datestamp>1265021400000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>That's the miracle of this stuff.  Even after compressing to 80\% it is still original size.</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>That 's the miracle of this stuff .
Even after compressing to 80 \ % it is still original size .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>That's the miracle of this stuff.
Even after compressing to 80\% it is still original size.</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30987016</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30993914</id>
	<title>Corrosion</title>
	<author>ThatsNotPudding</author>
	<datestamp>1265118960000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext>I quickly scanned TFA, but didn't see what the 'metal' actually was (steel? iron? titanium?).  With a vastly larger amount of delicate structure potentially exposed to the environment, I think corrosion could be a significant problem.</htmltext>
<tokenext>I quickly scanned TFA , but did n't see what the 'metal ' actually was ( steel ?
iron ? titanium ? ) .
With a vastly larger amount of delicate structure potentially exposed to the environment , I think corrosion could be a significant problem .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>I quickly scanned TFA, but didn't see what the 'metal' actually was (steel?
iron? titanium?).
With a vastly larger amount of delicate structure potentially exposed to the environment, I think corrosion could be a significant problem.</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30988832</id>
	<title>Learn to spell "its," asshole.</title>
	<author>Anonymous</author>
	<datestamp>1265026260000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>0</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>Spelling matters.</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>Spelling matters .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>Spelling matters.</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30986684</id>
	<title>Impact at 5 mph</title>
	<author>noidentity</author>
	<datestamp>1265017980000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext><blockquote><div><p>Calculations also predict that in car accidents, when two pieces of her composite metal foam are inserted "behind the bumper of a car traveling at 28 mph, the impact would feel the same to passengers as an impact traveling at only 5 mph."</p></div>
</blockquote><p>In other words, calling insurance companies, calling the police to file a traffic report, possible layer involvement?</p></div>
	</htmltext>
<tokenext>Calculations also predict that in car accidents , when two pieces of her composite metal foam are inserted " behind the bumper of a car traveling at 28 mph , the impact would feel the same to passengers as an impact traveling at only 5 mph .
" In other words , calling insurance companies , calling the police to file a traffic report , possible layer involvement ?</tokentext>
<sentencetext>Calculations also predict that in car accidents, when two pieces of her composite metal foam are inserted "behind the bumper of a car traveling at 28 mph, the impact would feel the same to passengers as an impact traveling at only 5 mph.
"
In other words, calling insurance companies, calling the police to file a traffic report, possible layer involvement?
	</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30987016</id>
	<title>Grammar? Writing? Editors?</title>
	<author>rrohbeck</author>
	<datestamp>1265019060000</datestamp>
	<modclass>Informativ</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>We just griped about that.</p><p>&gt;capable of compressing up to 80\% of it's original size</p><p>"It's" == "It is." No exceptions.<br>The genitive of "it" it "its."</p><p>Sincerely,<br>Grammar Police greetings from somebody for whom English is the 3rd language.</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>We just griped about that. &gt; capable of compressing up to 80 \ % of it 's original size " It 's " = = " It is .
" No exceptions.The genitive of " it " it " its .
" Sincerely,Grammar Police greetings from somebody for whom English is the 3rd language .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>We just griped about that.&gt;capable of compressing up to 80\% of it's original size"It's" == "It is.
" No exceptions.The genitive of "it" it "its.
"Sincerely,Grammar Police greetings from somebody for whom English is the 3rd language.</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30986580</id>
	<title>Replacement for air bags?</title>
	<author>Nefarious Wheel</author>
	<datestamp>1265017560000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext>I think I'd rather have some of this between me and a potential impact than a classic airbag, if it came to the crunch.  What do they use for an inflation gas generator - sodium azide is it?  Nasty stuff.  Like driving around with a firecracker held in front of your face.</htmltext>
<tokenext>I think I 'd rather have some of this between me and a potential impact than a classic airbag , if it came to the crunch .
What do they use for an inflation gas generator - sodium azide is it ?
Nasty stuff .
Like driving around with a firecracker held in front of your face .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>I think I'd rather have some of this between me and a potential impact than a classic airbag, if it came to the crunch.
What do they use for an inflation gas generator - sodium azide is it?
Nasty stuff.
Like driving around with a firecracker held in front of your face.</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30986620</id>
	<title>Reinforced...</title>
	<author>Pojut</author>
	<datestamp>1265017680000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>...for the downstairs neighbor's protection.</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>...for the downstairs neighbor 's protection .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>...for the downstairs neighbor's protection.</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30989128</id>
	<title>Deformation</title>
	<author>jklovanc</author>
	<datestamp>1265027520000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>In all the videos the foam was compressed but did not spring back. Would that mean that every time you hit something the foam would have to be replaced, much like the foam in a helmet? How many people would do this? How many cars would be going around with ineffective energy absorbers? There is a reason springs are used to absorb these impacts; repetition.</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>In all the videos the foam was compressed but did not spring back .
Would that mean that every time you hit something the foam would have to be replaced , much like the foam in a helmet ?
How many people would do this ?
How many cars would be going around with ineffective energy absorbers ?
There is a reason springs are used to absorb these impacts ; repetition .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>In all the videos the foam was compressed but did not spring back.
Would that mean that every time you hit something the foam would have to be replaced, much like the foam in a helmet?
How many people would do this?
How many cars would be going around with ineffective energy absorbers?
There is a reason springs are used to absorb these impacts; repetition.</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30988518</id>
	<title>Zero-G manufacture</title>
	<author>Anonymous</author>
	<datestamp>1265025180000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>0</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>I seem to remember that metal foams were supposed to be one of the killer apps for orbiting factories.  You'd shoot air bubbles into molten metal, and since it was weightless, the bubbles would stay in place instead of immediately floating out of the melt.  I wonder if that idea is still around.</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>I seem to remember that metal foams were supposed to be one of the killer apps for orbiting factories .
You 'd shoot air bubbles into molten metal , and since it was weightless , the bubbles would stay in place instead of immediately floating out of the melt .
I wonder if that idea is still around .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>I seem to remember that metal foams were supposed to be one of the killer apps for orbiting factories.
You'd shoot air bubbles into molten metal, and since it was weightless, the bubbles would stay in place instead of immediately floating out of the melt.
I wonder if that idea is still around.</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30987372</id>
	<title>What about the kid on the bicycle?</title>
	<author>fantomas</author>
	<datestamp>1265020260000</datestamp>
	<modclass>Offtopic</modclass>
	<modscore>0</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>So the stupid driver who was texting on their mobile phone or eating a burger is fine, great. What about the ten year old old they've just thumped into with their SUV? Does it help them at all?</p><p>Hopefully a foam bumper will help minimise the damage to the kid who has just been torn off their bike by a stupid auto driver, though my suspicion is that the laws of physics will say getting hit by a ton of metal moving at 28mph is still going to damage somebody really badly. I'd be interested to hear about the benefits the foam offers to people being hit by the car, as well as the person  inside and already wearing a seat belt, with crumple zones and air bags.</p><p>Agreed with the other post which includes the quote about spikes in the middle of steering wheels being more likely to encourage careful driving than technological improvements which mean you can be a total idiot and smash into anyone or anything and walk away, because you're all right Jack and you don't care who you hit.</p></div>
	</htmltext>
<tokenext>So the stupid driver who was texting on their mobile phone or eating a burger is fine , great .
What about the ten year old old they 've just thumped into with their SUV ?
Does it help them at all ? Hopefully a foam bumper will help minimise the damage to the kid who has just been torn off their bike by a stupid auto driver , though my suspicion is that the laws of physics will say getting hit by a ton of metal moving at 28mph is still going to damage somebody really badly .
I 'd be interested to hear about the benefits the foam offers to people being hit by the car , as well as the person inside and already wearing a seat belt , with crumple zones and air bags.Agreed with the other post which includes the quote about spikes in the middle of steering wheels being more likely to encourage careful driving than technological improvements which mean you can be a total idiot and smash into anyone or anything and walk away , because you 're all right Jack and you do n't care who you hit .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>So the stupid driver who was texting on their mobile phone or eating a burger is fine, great.
What about the ten year old old they've just thumped into with their SUV?
Does it help them at all?Hopefully a foam bumper will help minimise the damage to the kid who has just been torn off their bike by a stupid auto driver, though my suspicion is that the laws of physics will say getting hit by a ton of metal moving at 28mph is still going to damage somebody really badly.
I'd be interested to hear about the benefits the foam offers to people being hit by the car, as well as the person  inside and already wearing a seat belt, with crumple zones and air bags.Agreed with the other post which includes the quote about spikes in the middle of steering wheels being more likely to encourage careful driving than technological improvements which mean you can be a total idiot and smash into anyone or anything and walk away, because you're all right Jack and you don't care who you hit.
	</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30987994</id>
	<title>Re:Bullshit</title>
	<author>Anonymous</author>
	<datestamp>1265022780000</datestamp>
	<modclass>Informativ</modclass>
	<modscore>5</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>Do you have physics to back you up?  No, I didn't think so.</p><p>Take a new Toyota Tacoma.  Assume weight savings in replacing bumper with foam metal is used elsewhere so you have the same mass vehicle.  A Tacoma weighs approximately 4000 pounds, which is approximately 1800 kg.</p><p>Kinetic energy is given by:<br>e=0.5*m*v^2<br>m = mass<br>v = velocity (or speed for our purposes).</p><p>The kinetic energy of a Tacoma moving at 28 miles per hour is approximately 141 kJ.<br>The kinetic energy of a Tacoma moving at 5 miles per hour is approximately 4.5 kJ.</p><p>That is, the foam bumper only has to absorb 31 times as much energy as the solid bumper to perform to the quoted standard.</p><p>See quote below, which is from here: <a href="http://www.rexresearch.com/rabiei/rabiei.htm" title="rexresearch.com">http://www.rexresearch.com/rabiei/rabiei.htm</a> [rexresearch.com]<br>We see they estimate a factor of 80 improvement of energy absorption over the foam metal's equivalent bulk material.  They don't say, but let's assume (reasonably) that they are talking about linear compression.  Let's assume for a second that the stock bumper is made of a block of solid steel that doesn't absorb any energy.  It's not, and it does, obviously.</p><p>If their estimate is correct, and a foam bumper of the same size will absorb 80 times as much energy as its solid counterpart, then the passenger in the 28 mph impact would feel 1-2 kJ of energy instead of ~140 kJ of energy.  Obviously the bumpers are not solid metal, and they already have some energy absorption capabilities built into them.</p><p>Based on the factor of 31 between the kinetic energies of the vehicle at different speeds, I think their claim is the opposite of bullshit.  It's reasonable.</p><blockquote><div><p>Researchers at NC State have developed, processed, and tested a new high-strength ultra-light material that combines the advantages of metal matrix composites with metallic foams. Dr. Afsaneh Rabiei has produced a new generation of metal foams showing 5 to 6 times greater strength to density ratio and over 7 times higher energy absorption than that of currently available metallic foams. <b>As a result, the energy absorption of these materials is estimated to be over 80 times greater than the bulk material from which the foam is made.</b> Dr. Rabiei was interested in maintaining the advantages of metallic foams (excellent rigidity/ weight ratio, durability, isotropic absorption of energy at low and constant stress) while improving the mechanical properties under cyclic compression loading. The performance advantages of this metal foam are based on improving foam cell structure and reinforcing the cells with a metallic matrix. The resulting novel, closed-cell, metallic foam composite is made from preform hollow metallic spheres and exhibits a strength of over 130 MPa in compression. The densification for the new foam occurs at strains of approximately 50-65\%.</p></div> </blockquote></div>
	</htmltext>
<tokenext>Do you have physics to back you up ?
No , I did n't think so.Take a new Toyota Tacoma .
Assume weight savings in replacing bumper with foam metal is used elsewhere so you have the same mass vehicle .
A Tacoma weighs approximately 4000 pounds , which is approximately 1800 kg.Kinetic energy is given by : e = 0.5 * m * v ^ 2m = massv = velocity ( or speed for our purposes ) .The kinetic energy of a Tacoma moving at 28 miles per hour is approximately 141 kJ.The kinetic energy of a Tacoma moving at 5 miles per hour is approximately 4.5 kJ.That is , the foam bumper only has to absorb 31 times as much energy as the solid bumper to perform to the quoted standard.See quote below , which is from here : http : //www.rexresearch.com/rabiei/rabiei.htm [ rexresearch.com ] We see they estimate a factor of 80 improvement of energy absorption over the foam metal 's equivalent bulk material .
They do n't say , but let 's assume ( reasonably ) that they are talking about linear compression .
Let 's assume for a second that the stock bumper is made of a block of solid steel that does n't absorb any energy .
It 's not , and it does , obviously.If their estimate is correct , and a foam bumper of the same size will absorb 80 times as much energy as its solid counterpart , then the passenger in the 28 mph impact would feel 1-2 kJ of energy instead of ~ 140 kJ of energy .
Obviously the bumpers are not solid metal , and they already have some energy absorption capabilities built into them.Based on the factor of 31 between the kinetic energies of the vehicle at different speeds , I think their claim is the opposite of bullshit .
It 's reasonable.Researchers at NC State have developed , processed , and tested a new high-strength ultra-light material that combines the advantages of metal matrix composites with metallic foams .
Dr. Afsaneh Rabiei has produced a new generation of metal foams showing 5 to 6 times greater strength to density ratio and over 7 times higher energy absorption than that of currently available metallic foams .
As a result , the energy absorption of these materials is estimated to be over 80 times greater than the bulk material from which the foam is made .
Dr. Rabiei was interested in maintaining the advantages of metallic foams ( excellent rigidity/ weight ratio , durability , isotropic absorption of energy at low and constant stress ) while improving the mechanical properties under cyclic compression loading .
The performance advantages of this metal foam are based on improving foam cell structure and reinforcing the cells with a metallic matrix .
The resulting novel , closed-cell , metallic foam composite is made from preform hollow metallic spheres and exhibits a strength of over 130 MPa in compression .
The densification for the new foam occurs at strains of approximately 50-65 \ % .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>Do you have physics to back you up?
No, I didn't think so.Take a new Toyota Tacoma.
Assume weight savings in replacing bumper with foam metal is used elsewhere so you have the same mass vehicle.
A Tacoma weighs approximately 4000 pounds, which is approximately 1800 kg.Kinetic energy is given by:e=0.5*m*v^2m = massv = velocity (or speed for our purposes).The kinetic energy of a Tacoma moving at 28 miles per hour is approximately 141 kJ.The kinetic energy of a Tacoma moving at 5 miles per hour is approximately 4.5 kJ.That is, the foam bumper only has to absorb 31 times as much energy as the solid bumper to perform to the quoted standard.See quote below, which is from here: http://www.rexresearch.com/rabiei/rabiei.htm [rexresearch.com]We see they estimate a factor of 80 improvement of energy absorption over the foam metal's equivalent bulk material.
They don't say, but let's assume (reasonably) that they are talking about linear compression.
Let's assume for a second that the stock bumper is made of a block of solid steel that doesn't absorb any energy.
It's not, and it does, obviously.If their estimate is correct, and a foam bumper of the same size will absorb 80 times as much energy as its solid counterpart, then the passenger in the 28 mph impact would feel 1-2 kJ of energy instead of ~140 kJ of energy.
Obviously the bumpers are not solid metal, and they already have some energy absorption capabilities built into them.Based on the factor of 31 between the kinetic energies of the vehicle at different speeds, I think their claim is the opposite of bullshit.
It's reasonable.Researchers at NC State have developed, processed, and tested a new high-strength ultra-light material that combines the advantages of metal matrix composites with metallic foams.
Dr. Afsaneh Rabiei has produced a new generation of metal foams showing 5 to 6 times greater strength to density ratio and over 7 times higher energy absorption than that of currently available metallic foams.
As a result, the energy absorption of these materials is estimated to be over 80 times greater than the bulk material from which the foam is made.
Dr. Rabiei was interested in maintaining the advantages of metallic foams (excellent rigidity/ weight ratio, durability, isotropic absorption of energy at low and constant stress) while improving the mechanical properties under cyclic compression loading.
The performance advantages of this metal foam are based on improving foam cell structure and reinforcing the cells with a metallic matrix.
The resulting novel, closed-cell, metallic foam composite is made from preform hollow metallic spheres and exhibits a strength of over 130 MPa in compression.
The densification for the new foam occurs at strains of approximately 50-65\%. 
	</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30986788</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_02_01_1722252.30986866</id>
	<title>Re:Body Armor</title>
	<author>vlm</author>
	<datestamp>1265018580000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext><p><div class="quote"><p>Place this behind an existing body armor compound (one that stops the bullet) and use the foam to absorb the remaining shock.</p></div><p> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spalling" title="wikipedia.org">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spalling</a> [wikipedia.org]</p><p>Probably would make a nice spall liner for tanks.</p></div>
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<tokenext>Place this behind an existing body armor compound ( one that stops the bullet ) and use the foam to absorb the remaining shock .
http : //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spalling [ wikipedia.org ] Probably would make a nice spall liner for tanks .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>Place this behind an existing body armor compound (one that stops the bullet) and use the foam to absorb the remaining shock.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spalling [wikipedia.org]Probably would make a nice spall liner for tanks.
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