<article>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#article10_01_22_1429219</id>
	<title>Heat Engines Shrunk By Seven Orders of Magnitude</title>
	<author>kdawson</author>
	<datestamp>1264174140000</datestamp>
	<htmltext>KentuckyFC writes <i>"The vast majority of motors that power our planes, trains, and automobiles are <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat\_engine">heat engines</a>. They rely on the rapid expansion of gas as it heats up to generate movement. But attempts to shrink them by any significant amount have mostly ended in failure. Today, the smallest heat engines have a volume of some 10^7 cubic micrometers. Now group of Dutch engineers has built a <a href="http://www.technologyreview.com/blog/arxiv/24702/">heat engine that is seven orders of magnitude smaller</a> than this. The engine consists of a piezoelectric bar that expands and contracts in the normal piezoelectric way. However it also heats up and cools at the same time causing a thermal expansion and contraction, which lags the piezoelectric displacement. By carefully choosing the frequency of the driving AC current, the Dutch team found a resonant effect in which the thermal expansion and contraction amplifies the mechanical motion, making it a true heat engine. Operating the thermodynamic cycle in reverse turns the device into a heat pump or refrigerator. The total volume of the device is just 0.5 cubic micrometres."</i></htmltext>
<tokenext>KentuckyFC writes " The vast majority of motors that power our planes , trains , and automobiles are heat engines .
They rely on the rapid expansion of gas as it heats up to generate movement .
But attempts to shrink them by any significant amount have mostly ended in failure .
Today , the smallest heat engines have a volume of some 10 ^ 7 cubic micrometers .
Now group of Dutch engineers has built a heat engine that is seven orders of magnitude smaller than this .
The engine consists of a piezoelectric bar that expands and contracts in the normal piezoelectric way .
However it also heats up and cools at the same time causing a thermal expansion and contraction , which lags the piezoelectric displacement .
By carefully choosing the frequency of the driving AC current , the Dutch team found a resonant effect in which the thermal expansion and contraction amplifies the mechanical motion , making it a true heat engine .
Operating the thermodynamic cycle in reverse turns the device into a heat pump or refrigerator .
The total volume of the device is just 0.5 cubic micrometres .
"</tokentext>
<sentencetext>KentuckyFC writes "The vast majority of motors that power our planes, trains, and automobiles are heat engines.
They rely on the rapid expansion of gas as it heats up to generate movement.
But attempts to shrink them by any significant amount have mostly ended in failure.
Today, the smallest heat engines have a volume of some 10^7 cubic micrometers.
Now group of Dutch engineers has built a heat engine that is seven orders of magnitude smaller than this.
The engine consists of a piezoelectric bar that expands and contracts in the normal piezoelectric way.
However it also heats up and cools at the same time causing a thermal expansion and contraction, which lags the piezoelectric displacement.
By carefully choosing the frequency of the driving AC current, the Dutch team found a resonant effect in which the thermal expansion and contraction amplifies the mechanical motion, making it a true heat engine.
Operating the thermodynamic cycle in reverse turns the device into a heat pump or refrigerator.
The total volume of the device is just 0.5 cubic micrometres.
"</sentencetext>
</article>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860524</id>
	<title>Re:Reeedeeeculous</title>
	<author>Anonymous</author>
	<datestamp>1264181100000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>0</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>not a word about any fire in TFA, it rather talks about heat from electrical resistance - so the engine is electrical, but not electro-magnetic - it's rather an electro-piezo-heat-engine</p><p>stress: no combustion, but piezo-effects and electro-resistance</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>not a word about any fire in TFA , it rather talks about heat from electrical resistance - so the engine is electrical , but not electro-magnetic - it 's rather an electro-piezo-heat-enginestress : no combustion , but piezo-effects and electro-resistance</tokentext>
<sentencetext>not a word about any fire in TFA, it rather talks about heat from electrical resistance - so the engine is electrical, but not electro-magnetic - it's rather an electro-piezo-heat-enginestress: no combustion, but piezo-effects and electro-resistance</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860242</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860400</id>
	<title>Re:Beer cans?</title>
	<author>mcgrew</author>
	<datestamp>1264180680000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>That depends. Are we talking about <a href="http://www.angryflower.com/schrod.gif" title="angryflower.com">actual beers?</a> [angryflower.com]</p><p>In a less huumorous vein, how many of these refrigerators does it take to cool a can of beer? It would be nice to have cold beer with a built in refrigerator in every can. Provided it could be done cheaply enough.</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>That depends .
Are we talking about actual beers ?
[ angryflower.com ] In a less huumorous vein , how many of these refrigerators does it take to cool a can of beer ?
It would be nice to have cold beer with a built in refrigerator in every can .
Provided it could be done cheaply enough .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>That depends.
Are we talking about actual beers?
[angryflower.com]In a less huumorous vein, how many of these refrigerators does it take to cool a can of beer?
It would be nice to have cold beer with a built in refrigerator in every can.
Provided it could be done cheaply enough.</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859930</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30866866</id>
	<title>Re:Heat engine != internal combustion engine</title>
	<author>kocsonya</author>
	<datestamp>1264180200000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>"making it far more efficient than your ordinary electric motor"</p><p>Um, electric motors are 90\%+ efficient, so how much is "far more"?</p><p>The actual details in the linked blog are a tad hazy and possibly even incorrect.<br>The article says that because of the mechanical change the resistance of the crystal is changed, therefore the heat generated by the DC current changes. Then it makes a rather large hop, or more like a giant leap, and says that thus one side heats up and the other cools down. Unfortunately, this is not true for resistive heat, which is always positive (i.e. warming, not cooling). There's nothing in the blog article that would explain the cooling down of one side of the crystal.</p><p>So the actual operating principle of this thingummy is not explained at the linked page and a cursory Google for '"heat engine" piezo NXP' revealed nothing usable. I guess we have to wait until a scientific explanation becomes useful and *then* we can start arguing about how much better or worse this technology is than any other existing technology.</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>" making it far more efficient than your ordinary electric motor " Um , electric motors are 90 \ % + efficient , so how much is " far more " ? The actual details in the linked blog are a tad hazy and possibly even incorrect.The article says that because of the mechanical change the resistance of the crystal is changed , therefore the heat generated by the DC current changes .
Then it makes a rather large hop , or more like a giant leap , and says that thus one side heats up and the other cools down .
Unfortunately , this is not true for resistive heat , which is always positive ( i.e .
warming , not cooling ) .
There 's nothing in the blog article that would explain the cooling down of one side of the crystal.So the actual operating principle of this thingummy is not explained at the linked page and a cursory Google for ' " heat engine " piezo NXP ' revealed nothing usable .
I guess we have to wait until a scientific explanation becomes useful and * then * we can start arguing about how much better or worse this technology is than any other existing technology .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>"making it far more efficient than your ordinary electric motor"Um, electric motors are 90\%+ efficient, so how much is "far more"?The actual details in the linked blog are a tad hazy and possibly even incorrect.The article says that because of the mechanical change the resistance of the crystal is changed, therefore the heat generated by the DC current changes.
Then it makes a rather large hop, or more like a giant leap, and says that thus one side heats up and the other cools down.
Unfortunately, this is not true for resistive heat, which is always positive (i.e.
warming, not cooling).
There's nothing in the blog article that would explain the cooling down of one side of the crystal.So the actual operating principle of this thingummy is not explained at the linked page and a cursory Google for '"heat engine" piezo NXP' revealed nothing usable.
I guess we have to wait until a scientific explanation becomes useful and *then* we can start arguing about how much better or worse this technology is than any other existing technology.</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860560</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860298</id>
	<title>Re:what about my car...</title>
	<author>floppycat</author>
	<datestamp>1264180140000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>0</modscore>
	<htmltext><p><div class="quote"><p>The vast majority of motors that power our planes, trains, and automobiles are heat engines...Today, the smallest heat engines have a volume of some 10^7 cubic micrometers.</p></div><p>If engine of your car is much bigger than that, you should consider replacing your car.</p></div>
	</htmltext>
<tokenext>The vast majority of motors that power our planes , trains , and automobiles are heat engines...Today , the smallest heat engines have a volume of some 10 ^ 7 cubic micrometers.If engine of your car is much bigger than that , you should consider replacing your car .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>The vast majority of motors that power our planes, trains, and automobiles are heat engines...Today, the smallest heat engines have a volume of some 10^7 cubic micrometers.If engine of your car is much bigger than that, you should consider replacing your car.
	</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859840</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30861778</id>
	<title>Re:Usefulness?</title>
	<author>Anonymous</author>
	<datestamp>1264187880000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>0</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>If it's as useless as you claim then it's a good way there is no such thing as nanotechnology. That would be a waste of time, wouldn't it?</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>If it 's as useless as you claim then it 's a good way there is no such thing as nanotechnology .
That would be a waste of time , would n't it ?</tokentext>
<sentencetext>If it's as useless as you claim then it's a good way there is no such thing as nanotechnology.
That would be a waste of time, wouldn't it?</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859950</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859910</id>
	<title>what is a cubic micrometer</title>
	<author>Anonymous</author>
	<datestamp>1264178280000</datestamp>
	<modclass>Funny</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>Can the physics gurus please put cubic micrometers in perspective for us common mortals?  Is that as big as a grain of rice or a head of a pin?<br>10^7 micrometers is.... a spehrical cow? a toaster?</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>Can the physics gurus please put cubic micrometers in perspective for us common mortals ?
Is that as big as a grain of rice or a head of a pin ? 10 ^ 7 micrometers is.... a spehrical cow ?
a toaster ?</tokentext>
<sentencetext>Can the physics gurus please put cubic micrometers in perspective for us common mortals?
Is that as big as a grain of rice or a head of a pin?10^7 micrometers is.... a spehrical cow?
a toaster?</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30861616</id>
	<title>Re:Nanites are in luck</title>
	<author>flyingfsck</author>
	<datestamp>1264186620000</datestamp>
	<modclass>Informativ</modclass>
	<modscore>2</modscore>
	<htmltext>"peddle" - no I don't think they need to sell stuff.</htmltext>
<tokenext>" peddle " - no I do n't think they need to sell stuff .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>"peddle" - no I don't think they need to sell stuff.</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30861354</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30865472</id>
	<title>Re:Usefulness?</title>
	<author>gurps\_npc</author>
	<datestamp>1264166520000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext>The body has multiple mechanism of disposing of heat.  It is FULL of temperature differences.  That is not the problem.   Ever go out in the cold?   Notice your hands get cold but your chest does not?   You can easily get more than 3 degrees celsius.


The problem as someone else mentioned is that this converts heat to kinetic, not electrical.</htmltext>
<tokenext>The body has multiple mechanism of disposing of heat .
It is FULL of temperature differences .
That is not the problem .
Ever go out in the cold ?
Notice your hands get cold but your chest does not ?
You can easily get more than 3 degrees celsius .
The problem as someone else mentioned is that this converts heat to kinetic , not electrical .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>The body has multiple mechanism of disposing of heat.
It is FULL of temperature differences.
That is not the problem.
Ever go out in the cold?
Notice your hands get cold but your chest does not?
You can easily get more than 3 degrees celsius.
The problem as someone else mentioned is that this converts heat to kinetic, not electrical.</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30862374</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859900</id>
	<title>Another way to save gas</title>
	<author>MrJones</author>
	<datestamp>1264178220000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>Its a heat engine but it does not use gas, so maybe this could be the engine for a train of nano bots! Or we can use them to cool our CPUs. Interesting indeed, now we need to find an use for it</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>Its a heat engine but it does not use gas , so maybe this could be the engine for a train of nano bots !
Or we can use them to cool our CPUs .
Interesting indeed , now we need to find an use for it</tokentext>
<sentencetext>Its a heat engine but it does not use gas, so maybe this could be the engine for a train of nano bots!
Or we can use them to cool our CPUs.
Interesting indeed, now we need to find an use for it</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860966</id>
	<title>Re:Reeedeeeculous</title>
	<author>Anonymous</author>
	<datestamp>1264183380000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>0</modscore>
	<htmltext><p><div class="quote"><p>It's almost as pathetic as the idiots who assume heat engine == combustion engine.</p></div><p>Is that supposed to be common knowledge?</p></div>
	</htmltext>
<tokenext>It 's almost as pathetic as the idiots who assume heat engine = = combustion engine.Is that supposed to be common knowledge ?</tokentext>
<sentencetext>It's almost as pathetic as the idiots who assume heat engine == combustion engine.Is that supposed to be common knowledge?
	</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860446</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30863746</id>
	<title>Re:Reeedeeeculous</title>
	<author>Ancient\_Hacker</author>
	<datestamp>1264156200000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>&gt;Please read the summary *again*.</p><p>yes, you read it again too, especially this part:</p><p>
&nbsp; Below the 1-mm limit, efficiency suffers to such a degree that solid-state thermoelectric devices would become a better choice for a particular application. "</p><p>So this device is rated NFG at smaller sizes, by the inventors themselves.<nobr> <wbr></nobr>.. and I havent even touched on how friction and surface tension also go down as the square, making moving parts below a certain size just plain useless.</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>&gt; Please read the summary * again * .yes , you read it again too , especially this part :   Below the 1-mm limit , efficiency suffers to such a degree that solid-state thermoelectric devices would become a better choice for a particular application .
" So this device is rated NFG at smaller sizes , by the inventors themselves .
.. and I havent even touched on how friction and surface tension also go down as the square , making moving parts below a certain size just plain useless .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>&gt;Please read the summary *again*.yes, you read it again too, especially this part:
  Below the 1-mm limit, efficiency suffers to such a degree that solid-state thermoelectric devices would become a better choice for a particular application.
"So this device is rated NFG at smaller sizes, by the inventors themselves.
.. and I havent even touched on how friction and surface tension also go down as the square, making moving parts below a certain size just plain useless.</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860442</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860420</id>
	<title>Re:Heat engine != internal combustion engine</title>
	<author>BlueKitties</author>
	<datestamp>1264180740000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext>It's a conversion of thermal energy into mechanical motion. It may be far off, but this is something that could harness a very abundant but difficult to use energy source -- heat. I'm not sure how effective or efficient these could become, but it's still an interesting prospect.</htmltext>
<tokenext>It 's a conversion of thermal energy into mechanical motion .
It may be far off , but this is something that could harness a very abundant but difficult to use energy source -- heat .
I 'm not sure how effective or efficient these could become , but it 's still an interesting prospect .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>It's a conversion of thermal energy into mechanical motion.
It may be far off, but this is something that could harness a very abundant but difficult to use energy source -- heat.
I'm not sure how effective or efficient these could become, but it's still an interesting prospect.</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859952</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30861292</id>
	<title>I am 8.45^10 nanometers tall!</title>
	<author>nloop</author>
	<datestamp>1264184940000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext>Not only is 10 million much easier to understand than 10^7, but 0.01 cubic millimeters is a MUCH more common number, and measurement.<br> <br>Not exactly hidden information either.</htmltext>
<tokenext>Not only is 10 million much easier to understand than 10 ^ 7 , but 0.01 cubic millimeters is a MUCH more common number , and measurement .
Not exactly hidden information either .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>Not only is 10 million much easier to understand than 10^7, but 0.01 cubic millimeters is a MUCH more common number, and measurement.
Not exactly hidden information either.</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30862374</id>
	<title>Re:Usefulness?</title>
	<author>jbengt</author>
	<datestamp>1264191540000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext><p><div class="quote"><p>For example, a small device that turns heat into power could power an IMPLANTABLE MEDICAL DEVICE using the bodies own heating/cooling systems?</p></div><p>How would that work?<br>
To power a heat engine, you need a temperature difference.<br>
To power a heat engine efficiently, you need a temperature difference significant in comparison to the absolute temperatures.<br>
As the temperature difference approaches 0, the efficiency approaches 0.<br>
The maximum theoretical efficiency between body temperature and body temperatue + 3C is about 1\%<br>
How much of a temperature difference do you think you can find within the human body across a machine of a few micormeters (or even millimeters) in length?</p></div>
	</htmltext>
<tokenext>For example , a small device that turns heat into power could power an IMPLANTABLE MEDICAL DEVICE using the bodies own heating/cooling systems ? How would that work ?
To power a heat engine , you need a temperature difference .
To power a heat engine efficiently , you need a temperature difference significant in comparison to the absolute temperatures .
As the temperature difference approaches 0 , the efficiency approaches 0 .
The maximum theoretical efficiency between body temperature and body temperatue + 3C is about 1 \ % How much of a temperature difference do you think you can find within the human body across a machine of a few micormeters ( or even millimeters ) in length ?</tokentext>
<sentencetext>For example, a small device that turns heat into power could power an IMPLANTABLE MEDICAL DEVICE using the bodies own heating/cooling systems?How would that work?
To power a heat engine, you need a temperature difference.
To power a heat engine efficiently, you need a temperature difference significant in comparison to the absolute temperatures.
As the temperature difference approaches 0, the efficiency approaches 0.
The maximum theoretical efficiency between body temperature and body temperatue + 3C is about 1\%
How much of a temperature difference do you think you can find within the human body across a machine of a few micormeters (or even millimeters) in length?
	</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860090</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30862000</id>
	<title>Re:Heat engine != internal combustion engine</title>
	<author>Maow</author>
	<datestamp>1264189380000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext><blockquote><div><p>Somehow "heat engine" directly translates into "internal combustion engine" for me.</p></div></blockquote><p>My first thought was Stirling Engine...</p><blockquote><div><p>As a side note, the difference between a motor and an engine is that a motor rotates, an engine reciprocates. You can indeed have an electric engine (theyre usually called "solenoids") and a gasoline motor (Mazda had "rotary engines" back in the '70s; they were actually gasoline <b>motors</b>.)</p></div></blockquote><p>Interesting, I've often wondered about that.</p><p>Could you kindly expand on how reciprocation happens in relation to a solenoid?  I'm a bit clueless there, as I'm envisioning a solenoid working like a relay and that's probably incorrect.</p><p>Thanks!</p></div>
	</htmltext>
<tokenext>Somehow " heat engine " directly translates into " internal combustion engine " for me.My first thought was Stirling Engine...As a side note , the difference between a motor and an engine is that a motor rotates , an engine reciprocates .
You can indeed have an electric engine ( theyre usually called " solenoids " ) and a gasoline motor ( Mazda had " rotary engines " back in the '70s ; they were actually gasoline motors .
) Interesting , I 've often wondered about that.Could you kindly expand on how reciprocation happens in relation to a solenoid ?
I 'm a bit clueless there , as I 'm envisioning a solenoid working like a relay and that 's probably incorrect.Thanks !</tokentext>
<sentencetext>Somehow "heat engine" directly translates into "internal combustion engine" for me.My first thought was Stirling Engine...As a side note, the difference between a motor and an engine is that a motor rotates, an engine reciprocates.
You can indeed have an electric engine (theyre usually called "solenoids") and a gasoline motor (Mazda had "rotary engines" back in the '70s; they were actually gasoline motors.
)Interesting, I've often wondered about that.Could you kindly expand on how reciprocation happens in relation to a solenoid?
I'm a bit clueless there, as I'm envisioning a solenoid working like a relay and that's probably incorrect.Thanks!
	</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860560</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860052</id>
	<title>SteamPunk nanobots!</title>
	<author>HeckRuler</author>
	<datestamp>1264179000000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext>Finally my plan for steampunk (almost)nanobots can come to fruition! Those millions in grant money to the blacksmith have finally paid off.</htmltext>
<tokenext>Finally my plan for steampunk ( almost ) nanobots can come to fruition !
Those millions in grant money to the blacksmith have finally paid off .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>Finally my plan for steampunk (almost)nanobots can come to fruition!
Those millions in grant money to the blacksmith have finally paid off.</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30861282</id>
	<title>Re:Heat engine != internal combustion engine</title>
	<author>Chris Burke</author>
	<datestamp>1264184820000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext><p><i>As a side note, the difference between a motor and an engine is that a motor rotates, an engine reciprocates. </i></p><p>Huh.  I didn't know that.</p><p>So I guess that means that Wankel was being a bit of a Wanker when he named his Wankel Rotary Engine, huh?</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>As a side note , the difference between a motor and an engine is that a motor rotates , an engine reciprocates .
Huh. I did n't know that.So I guess that means that Wankel was being a bit of a Wanker when he named his Wankel Rotary Engine , huh ?</tokentext>
<sentencetext>As a side note, the difference between a motor and an engine is that a motor rotates, an engine reciprocates.
Huh.  I didn't know that.So I guess that means that Wankel was being a bit of a Wanker when he named his Wankel Rotary Engine, huh?</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860560</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859968</id>
	<title>Isn't this a...</title>
	<author>Anonymous</author>
	<datestamp>1264178580000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>Peltier diode?</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>Peltier diode ?</tokentext>
<sentencetext>Peltier diode?</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859930</id>
	<title>Beer cans?</title>
	<author>Anonymous</author>
	<datestamp>1264178340000</datestamp>
	<modclass>Funny</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext>How many beer cans fit in a 0.5 micrometers refrigerator?</htmltext>
<tokenext>How many beer cans fit in a 0.5 micrometers refrigerator ?</tokentext>
<sentencetext>How many beer cans fit in a 0.5 micrometers refrigerator?</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859880</id>
	<title>Re:what about my car...</title>
	<author>Anonymous</author>
	<datestamp>1264178160000</datestamp>
	<modclass>Troll</modclass>
	<modscore>-1</modscore>
	<htmltext>If the average Slashdotter's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micropenis" title="wikipedia.org" rel="nofollow">micropenis</a> [wikipedia.org] was about 10,000 times bigger, it might approach the size of this new heat engine.  Then you could break out the tweezers you faggots!</htmltext>
<tokenext>If the average Slashdotter 's micropenis [ wikipedia.org ] was about 10,000 times bigger , it might approach the size of this new heat engine .
Then you could break out the tweezers you faggots !</tokentext>
<sentencetext>If the average Slashdotter's micropenis [wikipedia.org] was about 10,000 times bigger, it might approach the size of this new heat engine.
Then you could break out the tweezers you faggots!</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859840</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860074</id>
	<title>Re:what is a cubic micrometer</title>
	<author>Atraxen</author>
	<datestamp>1264179060000</datestamp>
	<modclass>Informativ</modclass>
	<modscore>4</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>Fun fact - Wolfram Alpha can serve as your 'self-checkout line' for things like this.<br><a href="http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=1+cubic+micrometer" title="wolframalpha.com">http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=1+cubic+micrometer</a> [wolframalpha.com]</p><p>Here's a bit of scale - a cubic micrometer is about the same size as a calibration bead for microscopy.  A red blood cell is about 8 micrometers across.  <a href="http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/scale/" title="utah.edu">http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/scale/</a> [utah.edu]  Or, there's this video showing the "powers of ten" (also its title...): <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A2cmlhfdxuY" title="youtube.com">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A2cmlhfdxuY</a> [youtube.com]</p><p>Also, chemists work at these dimensions, too!  (So do biologists.  And others.)<nobr> <wbr></nobr>:*P  Don't snub the other disciplines!!!  Or I'll weep.  And not gently, nor to a guitar.</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>Fun fact - Wolfram Alpha can serve as your 'self-checkout line ' for things like this.http : //www.wolframalpha.com/input/ ? i = 1 + cubic + micrometer [ wolframalpha.com ] Here 's a bit of scale - a cubic micrometer is about the same size as a calibration bead for microscopy .
A red blood cell is about 8 micrometers across .
http : //learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/scale/ [ utah.edu ] Or , there 's this video showing the " powers of ten " ( also its title... ) : http : //www.youtube.com/watch ? v = A2cmlhfdxuY [ youtube.com ] Also , chemists work at these dimensions , too !
( So do biologists .
And others .
) : * P Do n't snub the other disciplines ! ! !
Or I 'll weep .
And not gently , nor to a guitar .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>Fun fact - Wolfram Alpha can serve as your 'self-checkout line' for things like this.http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=1+cubic+micrometer [wolframalpha.com]Here's a bit of scale - a cubic micrometer is about the same size as a calibration bead for microscopy.
A red blood cell is about 8 micrometers across.
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/scale/ [utah.edu]  Or, there's this video showing the "powers of ten" (also its title...): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A2cmlhfdxuY [youtube.com]Also, chemists work at these dimensions, too!
(So do biologists.
And others.
) :*P  Don't snub the other disciplines!!!
Or I'll weep.
And not gently, nor to a guitar.</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859910</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859840</id>
	<title>what about my car...</title>
	<author>Azmodan</author>
	<datestamp>1264177980000</datestamp>
	<modclass>Funny</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext>Great, let's make this 500 times bigger and power my car!</htmltext>
<tokenext>Great , let 's make this 500 times bigger and power my car !</tokentext>
<sentencetext>Great, let's make this 500 times bigger and power my car!</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30861354</id>
	<title>Nanites are in luck</title>
	<author>Anonymous</author>
	<datestamp>1264185240000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext>Now they don't have to peddle to work each day.  The nanites can make a cool ride with one of these motors.</htmltext>
<tokenext>Now they do n't have to peddle to work each day .
The nanites can make a cool ride with one of these motors .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>Now they don't have to peddle to work each day.
The nanites can make a cool ride with one of these motors.</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30861694</id>
	<title>Tough call</title>
	<author>KiwiCanuck</author>
	<datestamp>1264187100000</datestamp>
	<modclass>Interestin</modclass>
	<modscore>2</modscore>
	<htmltext>if this is useful. I've seen micro rotary and piston engine. They suffer from two problems. One is heat loss due to high surface area to volume ratio (heat leaks away before work can be extracted), and the other is charge (fuel/air) leakage. This appears to solve the leakage problem buy not using combustion. Good job!</htmltext>
<tokenext>if this is useful .
I 've seen micro rotary and piston engine .
They suffer from two problems .
One is heat loss due to high surface area to volume ratio ( heat leaks away before work can be extracted ) , and the other is charge ( fuel/air ) leakage .
This appears to solve the leakage problem buy not using combustion .
Good job !</tokentext>
<sentencetext>if this is useful.
I've seen micro rotary and piston engine.
They suffer from two problems.
One is heat loss due to high surface area to volume ratio (heat leaks away before work can be extracted), and the other is charge (fuel/air) leakage.
This appears to solve the leakage problem buy not using combustion.
Good job!</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860122</id>
	<title>They were damn lucky...</title>
	<author>Anonymous</author>
	<datestamp>1264179240000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>0</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>...with that <a href="http://odeo.com/episodes/23446010-October-14-UFO-in-Dutch-news-Netherland" title="odeo.com" rel="nofollow">UFO crash</a> [odeo.com] in Holland two years ago.</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>...with that UFO crash [ odeo.com ] in Holland two years ago .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>...with that UFO crash [odeo.com] in Holland two years ago.</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860368</id>
	<title>Re:Heat engine != internal combustion engine</title>
	<author>Anonymous</author>
	<datestamp>1264180500000</datestamp>
	<modclass>Informativ</modclass>
	<modscore>4</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>The internal combustion engine is only one class of heat engines. The Sterling Engine and the External Combustion Engine (used in old steam locomotives) are also heat engines. Heat engines use heat to create power either by taking advantage of temperature differences or the expansion of heated air.</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>The internal combustion engine is only one class of heat engines .
The Sterling Engine and the External Combustion Engine ( used in old steam locomotives ) are also heat engines .
Heat engines use heat to create power either by taking advantage of temperature differences or the expansion of heated air .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>The internal combustion engine is only one class of heat engines.
The Sterling Engine and the External Combustion Engine (used in old steam locomotives) are also heat engines.
Heat engines use heat to create power either by taking advantage of temperature differences or the expansion of heated air.</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859952</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30861626</id>
	<title>Re:Heat engine != internal combustion engine</title>
	<author>zippthorne</author>
	<datestamp>1264186680000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>The description in the summary is really only *half* a heat engine.  It turns electricity into work, yah, but it also turns work (in the form of electricity) into temperature difference.</p><p>What it does not do is turn a temperature difference into work, which is the other half of the equation.  A heat engine must do at least one of the two, and it has been proved that the maximum efficiency occurs for reversible processes, so many heat engines are capable of both.</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>The description in the summary is really only * half * a heat engine .
It turns electricity into work , yah , but it also turns work ( in the form of electricity ) into temperature difference.What it does not do is turn a temperature difference into work , which is the other half of the equation .
A heat engine must do at least one of the two , and it has been proved that the maximum efficiency occurs for reversible processes , so many heat engines are capable of both .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>The description in the summary is really only *half* a heat engine.
It turns electricity into work, yah, but it also turns work (in the form of electricity) into temperature difference.What it does not do is turn a temperature difference into work, which is the other half of the equation.
A heat engine must do at least one of the two, and it has been proved that the maximum efficiency occurs for reversible processes, so many heat engines are capable of both.</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859952</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860442</id>
	<title>Re:Reeedeeeculous</title>
	<author>ThreeGigs</author>
	<datestamp>1264180800000</datestamp>
	<modclass>Insightful</modclass>
	<modscore>5</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>And I despair of the lack of English education, specifically reading comprehension.</p><p>This isn't internal combustion, which is what your argument is based on. It uses the fact that solids expand and contract when heated and cooled, including some piezo materials.</p><p>Please read the summary *again*.</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>And I despair of the lack of English education , specifically reading comprehension.This is n't internal combustion , which is what your argument is based on .
It uses the fact that solids expand and contract when heated and cooled , including some piezo materials.Please read the summary * again * .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>And I despair of the lack of English education, specifically reading comprehension.This isn't internal combustion, which is what your argument is based on.
It uses the fact that solids expand and contract when heated and cooled, including some piezo materials.Please read the summary *again*.</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860242</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860242</id>
	<title>Reeedeeeculous</title>
	<author>Ancient\_Hacker</author>
	<datestamp>1264179840000</datestamp>
	<modclass>Troll</modclass>
	<modscore>0</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>Sometimes I despair about the level of scientific knowledge imparted to today's youth.</p><p>There is NO WAY to make a heat engine of any efficiency smaller than a few cc's.</p><p>It's the basic SCALING LAW that Galilleo figured out like 600 years ago.</p><p>As you make things smaller, their volume, which is their abilitry to burn fuel, goes down as the CUBE of its linear dimension.</p><p>But its surface area, which is how it loses heat, only goes down as the square.</p><p>So as you shrink things, pretty soon, you can't start a fire.  The fire loses heat over its surface area faster than itrs volume can generate it.<br>Which is why you don't see flames smaller than a certain, much larger than micrometer, size.</p><p>Even for non-flame sources, the exact same rules apply.    So you can't make a heat engine of any usable efficiency below a certain size.  Model-airplane engines of 1cc capacity are about the lower practical limit.  Anything smaller and you have trouble getting it to light off and even if it does, the heat quickly dissipates.</p><p>So just on general principles, one can guess that this touted device has vanishingly small efficiency.</p><p>And no, no "but we can INSULATE it" or "the RULES are DIFFERENT down there".</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>Sometimes I despair about the level of scientific knowledge imparted to today 's youth.There is NO WAY to make a heat engine of any efficiency smaller than a few cc 's.It 's the basic SCALING LAW that Galilleo figured out like 600 years ago.As you make things smaller , their volume , which is their abilitry to burn fuel , goes down as the CUBE of its linear dimension.But its surface area , which is how it loses heat , only goes down as the square.So as you shrink things , pretty soon , you ca n't start a fire .
The fire loses heat over its surface area faster than itrs volume can generate it.Which is why you do n't see flames smaller than a certain , much larger than micrometer , size.Even for non-flame sources , the exact same rules apply .
So you ca n't make a heat engine of any usable efficiency below a certain size .
Model-airplane engines of 1cc capacity are about the lower practical limit .
Anything smaller and you have trouble getting it to light off and even if it does , the heat quickly dissipates.So just on general principles , one can guess that this touted device has vanishingly small efficiency.And no , no " but we can INSULATE it " or " the RULES are DIFFERENT down there " .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>Sometimes I despair about the level of scientific knowledge imparted to today's youth.There is NO WAY to make a heat engine of any efficiency smaller than a few cc's.It's the basic SCALING LAW that Galilleo figured out like 600 years ago.As you make things smaller, their volume, which is their abilitry to burn fuel, goes down as the CUBE of its linear dimension.But its surface area, which is how it loses heat, only goes down as the square.So as you shrink things, pretty soon, you can't start a fire.
The fire loses heat over its surface area faster than itrs volume can generate it.Which is why you don't see flames smaller than a certain, much larger than micrometer, size.Even for non-flame sources, the exact same rules apply.
So you can't make a heat engine of any usable efficiency below a certain size.
Model-airplane engines of 1cc capacity are about the lower practical limit.
Anything smaller and you have trouble getting it to light off and even if it does, the heat quickly dissipates.So just on general principles, one can guess that this touted device has vanishingly small efficiency.And no, no "but we can INSULATE it" or "the RULES are DIFFERENT down there".</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30862906</id>
	<title>Piezo</title>
	<author>Anonymous</author>
	<datestamp>1264151340000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>0</modscore>
	<htmltext><p><a href="http://www.my-iolite.com/" title="my-iolite.com" rel="nofollow">Mmm</a> [my-iolite.com], <a href="http://www.my-iolite.com/vaporizers\_1\_2.asp" title="my-iolite.com" rel="nofollow">piezo</a> [my-iolite.com]...</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>Mmm [ my-iolite.com ] , piezo [ my-iolite.com ] .. .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>Mmm [my-iolite.com], piezo [my-iolite.com]...</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30863950</id>
	<title>Pump this!</title>
	<author>Impy the Impiuos Imp</author>
	<datestamp>1264157100000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>While that's certainly interesting, wouldn't you just use an electric motor anywhere electricity was available?</p><p>Oh, wait.  It's use as a heat pump at that size is notable, but as a motor:</p><p>&gt; It's future as a motor is less clear. It's relatively straightforward to make<br>&gt; electrostatic motors that work on this scale and we've looked at plans to<br>&gt; build electric motors on the quantum scale.</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>While that 's certainly interesting , would n't you just use an electric motor anywhere electricity was available ? Oh , wait .
It 's use as a heat pump at that size is notable , but as a motor : &gt; It 's future as a motor is less clear .
It 's relatively straightforward to make &gt; electrostatic motors that work on this scale and we 've looked at plans to &gt; build electric motors on the quantum scale .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>While that's certainly interesting, wouldn't you just use an electric motor anywhere electricity was available?Oh, wait.
It's use as a heat pump at that size is notable, but as a motor:&gt; It's future as a motor is less clear.
It's relatively straightforward to make&gt; electrostatic motors that work on this scale and we've looked at plans to&gt; build electric motors on the quantum scale.</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30861944</id>
	<title>Re:Heat engine != internal combustion engine</title>
	<author>sammy baby</author>
	<datestamp>1264189080000</datestamp>
	<modclass>Insightful</modclass>
	<modscore>2</modscore>
	<htmltext><blockquote><div><p>(Mazda had "rotary engines" back in the '70s; they were actually gasoline motors.)</p></div></blockquote><p>Sir, poorly played. You should never pass up the opportunity to use the word "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wankel\_rotary\_engine" title="wikipedia.org">Wankel</a> [wikipedia.org]" in a sentence.</p></div>
	</htmltext>
<tokenext>( Mazda had " rotary engines " back in the '70s ; they were actually gasoline motors .
) Sir , poorly played .
You should never pass up the opportunity to use the word " Wankel [ wikipedia.org ] " in a sentence .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>(Mazda had "rotary engines" back in the '70s; they were actually gasoline motors.
)Sir, poorly played.
You should never pass up the opportunity to use the word "Wankel [wikipedia.org]" in a sentence.
	</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860560</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859952</id>
	<title>Heat engine != internal combustion engine</title>
	<author>Anonymous</author>
	<datestamp>1264178520000</datestamp>
	<modclass>Insightful</modclass>
	<modscore>3</modscore>
	<htmltext>Somehow "heat engine" directly translates into "internal combustion engine" for me. But this piece uses electricity, exactly how useful is that?
This is bound to be less efficient than to use the electricity to just power an ordinary electric motor.

I suppose scaling a motor down to that size might be kinda difficult, though, if that was the point, why emphasize that it is a heat engine?</htmltext>
<tokenext>Somehow " heat engine " directly translates into " internal combustion engine " for me .
But this piece uses electricity , exactly how useful is that ?
This is bound to be less efficient than to use the electricity to just power an ordinary electric motor .
I suppose scaling a motor down to that size might be kinda difficult , though , if that was the point , why emphasize that it is a heat engine ?</tokentext>
<sentencetext>Somehow "heat engine" directly translates into "internal combustion engine" for me.
But this piece uses electricity, exactly how useful is that?
This is bound to be less efficient than to use the electricity to just power an ordinary electric motor.
I suppose scaling a motor down to that size might be kinda difficult, though, if that was the point, why emphasize that it is a heat engine?</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860096</id>
	<title>Re:On Chip cooling?</title>
	<author>m509272</author>
	<datestamp>1264179180000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>Was the first thing that popped into my head too.  Of course, depends on many factors I'm sure.</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>Was the first thing that popped into my head too .
Of course , depends on many factors I 'm sure .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>Was the first thing that popped into my head too.
Of course, depends on many factors I'm sure.</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859858</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30861034</id>
	<title>Re:Reeedeeeculous</title>
	<author>Anonymous</author>
	<datestamp>1264183620000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext>heat engine != ICE... no fire needed.</htmltext>
<tokenext>heat engine ! = ICE... no fire needed .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>heat engine != ICE... no fire needed.</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860242</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860562</id>
	<title>Re:Reeedeeeculous</title>
	<author>Anonymous</author>
	<datestamp>1264181280000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>0</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>Heat engines do not require that they burn any fuel, they all operate by converting heat to some other form of energy. You are correct in thinking that an internal combustion will have lousy efficency at that size, but it is not true for all heat engines, their power output is mostly dependent on the difference in tempreture of the two sides and thus how much energy they can move per unit area. A very small heat engine can be used to create a paper thin wall that extracts energy and from the temp differential, the fuel can be a flame against a steel plate with millions of mini heat engines on the other side.</p><p>However this type of heat engine is probably most useful as a chip cooler which would allow heat to be moved around to cooler spots on the chip, if we want efficient we can do that, an engine using the carnot cycle can hit the maxium possible efficency and can be made to exceed 70\% efficency in the real world, but they are expensive and big (and thus not useful for cars).</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>Heat engines do not require that they burn any fuel , they all operate by converting heat to some other form of energy .
You are correct in thinking that an internal combustion will have lousy efficency at that size , but it is not true for all heat engines , their power output is mostly dependent on the difference in tempreture of the two sides and thus how much energy they can move per unit area .
A very small heat engine can be used to create a paper thin wall that extracts energy and from the temp differential , the fuel can be a flame against a steel plate with millions of mini heat engines on the other side.However this type of heat engine is probably most useful as a chip cooler which would allow heat to be moved around to cooler spots on the chip , if we want efficient we can do that , an engine using the carnot cycle can hit the maxium possible efficency and can be made to exceed 70 \ % efficency in the real world , but they are expensive and big ( and thus not useful for cars ) .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>Heat engines do not require that they burn any fuel, they all operate by converting heat to some other form of energy.
You are correct in thinking that an internal combustion will have lousy efficency at that size, but it is not true for all heat engines, their power output is mostly dependent on the difference in tempreture of the two sides and thus how much energy they can move per unit area.
A very small heat engine can be used to create a paper thin wall that extracts energy and from the temp differential, the fuel can be a flame against a steel plate with millions of mini heat engines on the other side.However this type of heat engine is probably most useful as a chip cooler which would allow heat to be moved around to cooler spots on the chip, if we want efficient we can do that, an engine using the carnot cycle can hit the maxium possible efficency and can be made to exceed 70\% efficency in the real world, but they are expensive and big (and thus not useful for cars).</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860242</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860852</id>
	<title>2 wows</title>
	<author>happyjack27</author>
	<datestamp>1264182840000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext>when i saw the title i said "wow".
then i read the summary, and i said "wow" again.

that makes it a double-wow.</htmltext>
<tokenext>when i saw the title i said " wow " .
then i read the summary , and i said " wow " again .
that makes it a double-wow .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>when i saw the title i said "wow".
then i read the summary, and i said "wow" again.
that makes it a double-wow.</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30863674</id>
	<title>Re:Reeedeeeculous</title>
	<author>Ancient\_Hacker</author>
	<datestamp>1264155900000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>it makes no difference if it's an IC engine or ZC.</p><p>The issue is the same.  To have a heat engine you need separate regions, one hot and one cold.  As the regions get smaller, you lose the ability to keep the hot away from the cold.  By the time you're down to 1 centimeter, a large fraction of the heat is lost thru conduction.  And it just gets worse from there on down.</p><p>And using differential expansion of a solid is a horribly inefficient scheme-- you may have noticed a  certain lack of cars powered by the expansion of their tailpipes.</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>it makes no difference if it 's an IC engine or ZC.The issue is the same .
To have a heat engine you need separate regions , one hot and one cold .
As the regions get smaller , you lose the ability to keep the hot away from the cold .
By the time you 're down to 1 centimeter , a large fraction of the heat is lost thru conduction .
And it just gets worse from there on down.And using differential expansion of a solid is a horribly inefficient scheme-- you may have noticed a certain lack of cars powered by the expansion of their tailpipes .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>it makes no difference if it's an IC engine or ZC.The issue is the same.
To have a heat engine you need separate regions, one hot and one cold.
As the regions get smaller, you lose the ability to keep the hot away from the cold.
By the time you're down to 1 centimeter, a large fraction of the heat is lost thru conduction.
And it just gets worse from there on down.And using differential expansion of a solid is a horribly inefficient scheme-- you may have noticed a  certain lack of cars powered by the expansion of their tailpipes.</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860442</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30862088</id>
	<title>So, where do I sign up..</title>
	<author>Anonymous</author>
	<datestamp>1264189860000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>0</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>..for the endonucleic transgenesis procedure?</p><p>According to TFA:<br>
&nbsp; "Today's macroscopic heat engines are clearly more efficient than biological ones. "</p><p>Come to think of it, why (after all these millions of years), didn't evolution reach this stage?</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>..for the endonucleic transgenesis procedure ? According to TFA :   " Today 's macroscopic heat engines are clearly more efficient than biological ones .
" Come to think of it , why ( after all these millions of years ) , did n't evolution reach this stage ?</tokentext>
<sentencetext>..for the endonucleic transgenesis procedure?According to TFA:
  "Today's macroscopic heat engines are clearly more efficient than biological ones.
"Come to think of it, why (after all these millions of years), didn't evolution reach this stage?</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860144</id>
	<title>I'm rather intrigued...</title>
	<author>91degrees</author>
	<datestamp>1264179420000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext>Apparently there are 0.001mm^2 engines already!</htmltext>
<tokenext>Apparently there are 0.001mm ^ 2 engines already !</tokentext>
<sentencetext>Apparently there are 0.001mm^2 engines already!</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30863132</id>
	<title>Re:Heat engine != internal combustion engine</title>
	<author>Anonymous</author>
	<datestamp>1264153020000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>0</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>Mazda still do have rotary engines.  They're used in the Mazda RX8 which won "engine of the year" awards from some car magazines.</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>Mazda still do have rotary engines .
They 're used in the Mazda RX8 which won " engine of the year " awards from some car magazines .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>Mazda still do have rotary engines.
They're used in the Mazda RX8 which won "engine of the year" awards from some car magazines.</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860560</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860046</id>
	<title>Re:Beer cans?</title>
	<author>Anonymous</author>
	<datestamp>1264178940000</datestamp>
	<modclass>Funny</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext><blockquote><div><p>How many beer cans fit in a 0.5 micrometers refrigerator?</p></div></blockquote><p>You're thinking too small.<br> <br>The correct question is, how many beer <b>kegs</b> fit in a 0.5 micrometer fridge?</p></div>
	</htmltext>
<tokenext>How many beer cans fit in a 0.5 micrometers refrigerator ? You 're thinking too small .
The correct question is , how many beer kegs fit in a 0.5 micrometer fridge ?</tokentext>
<sentencetext>How many beer cans fit in a 0.5 micrometers refrigerator?You're thinking too small.
The correct question is, how many beer kegs fit in a 0.5 micrometer fridge?
	</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859930</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30876966</id>
	<title>Re:what is a cubic micrometer</title>
	<author>Aquila della Notte</author>
	<datestamp>1264329420000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext>Not sure. I do know it takes 4000 holes to fill the Albert Hall. Does that help?</htmltext>
<tokenext>Not sure .
I do know it takes 4000 holes to fill the Albert Hall .
Does that help ?</tokentext>
<sentencetext>Not sure.
I do know it takes 4000 holes to fill the Albert Hall.
Does that help?</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860512</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30862358</id>
	<title>Re:Usefulness?</title>
	<author>newcastlejon</author>
	<datestamp>1264191420000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext><p><div class="quote"><p>For example, a small device that turns heat into power could power an IMPLANTABLE MEDICAL DEVICE using the bodies own heating/cooling systems?  No more changing the battery for the pacemaker every</p></div><p>Depends... what are you going to use for the cold sink when the implant is surrounded by flesh that's all at 38 degrees?</p></div>
	</htmltext>
<tokenext>For example , a small device that turns heat into power could power an IMPLANTABLE MEDICAL DEVICE using the bodies own heating/cooling systems ?
No more changing the battery for the pacemaker everyDepends... what are you going to use for the cold sink when the implant is surrounded by flesh that 's all at 38 degrees ?</tokentext>
<sentencetext>For example, a small device that turns heat into power could power an IMPLANTABLE MEDICAL DEVICE using the bodies own heating/cooling systems?
No more changing the battery for the pacemaker everyDepends... what are you going to use for the cold sink when the implant is surrounded by flesh that's all at 38 degrees?
	</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860090</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859906</id>
	<title>Re:On Chip cooling?</title>
	<author>Shadow of Eternity</author>
	<datestamp>1264178280000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>If it's anything like pretty much every other really useful technological development that's occured in the last decade? You probably won't, but they'll always say it's N years away from commercial application.</p><p>Also they mention the ability to use it for refridgeration, but not whether it's still moving when they do that. Even on a microscopic scale having these things moving pretty much anywhere could cause problems.</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>If it 's anything like pretty much every other really useful technological development that 's occured in the last decade ?
You probably wo n't , but they 'll always say it 's N years away from commercial application.Also they mention the ability to use it for refridgeration , but not whether it 's still moving when they do that .
Even on a microscopic scale having these things moving pretty much anywhere could cause problems .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>If it's anything like pretty much every other really useful technological development that's occured in the last decade?
You probably won't, but they'll always say it's N years away from commercial application.Also they mention the ability to use it for refridgeration, but not whether it's still moving when they do that.
Even on a microscopic scale having these things moving pretty much anywhere could cause problems.</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859858</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860448</id>
	<title>yea but</title>
	<author>Anonymous</author>
	<datestamp>1264180860000</datestamp>
	<modclass>Offtopic</modclass>
	<modscore>-1</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>Cans dAy rUNz Da liNuX?!?! 0\_o</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>Cans dAy rUNz Da liNuX ? ! ? !
0 \ _o</tokentext>
<sentencetext>Cans dAy rUNz Da liNuX?!?!
0\_o</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859950</id>
	<title>Usefulness?</title>
	<author>robinstar1574</author>
	<datestamp>1264178460000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>0</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>This is a great invention, but how can it be used in a meaningful way? It is so small that it produces a very minimal amount of horsepower, which is not useful for any actual way.</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>This is a great invention , but how can it be used in a meaningful way ?
It is so small that it produces a very minimal amount of horsepower , which is not useful for any actual way .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>This is a great invention, but how can it be used in a meaningful way?
It is so small that it produces a very minimal amount of horsepower, which is not useful for any actual way.</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859870</id>
	<title>Next step</title>
	<author>Anonymous</author>
	<datestamp>1264178100000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>0</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>a micro SUV</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>a micro SUV</tokentext>
<sentencetext>a micro SUV</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860308</id>
	<title>Peltier elements?</title>
	<author>Anonymous</author>
	<datestamp>1264180200000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>0</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>Surely thermoelectric semi-conductors would do the trick?</p><p>They may not be very efficient, but I'd suspect you could make them fairly small if you utilized modern chip technology.</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>Surely thermoelectric semi-conductors would do the trick ? They may not be very efficient , but I 'd suspect you could make them fairly small if you utilized modern chip technology .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>Surely thermoelectric semi-conductors would do the trick?They may not be very efficient, but I'd suspect you could make them fairly small if you utilized modern chip technology.</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859928</id>
	<title>Did someone say pump?</title>
	<author>Anonymous</author>
	<datestamp>1264178340000</datestamp>
	<modclass>Funny</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>Can it be used for other things?</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>Can it be used for other things ?</tokentext>
<sentencetext>Can it be used for other things?</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860220</id>
	<title>Re:Heat engine != internal combustion engine</title>
	<author>Scrameustache</author>
	<datestamp>1264179780000</datestamp>
	<modclass>Informativ</modclass>
	<modscore>5</modscore>
	<htmltext><p><div class="quote"><p>Somehow "heat engine" directly translates into "internal combustion engine" for me.</p> </div><p>That's too bad, I hope this article will be enough to let you correct your thought</p><p><div class="quote"><p> why emphasize that it is a heat engine?</p></div><p>Because they figure it's mostly usefull as a heat pump, not as a mechanical actuator.</p></div>
	</htmltext>
<tokenext>Somehow " heat engine " directly translates into " internal combustion engine " for me .
That 's too bad , I hope this article will be enough to let you correct your thought why emphasize that it is a heat engine ? Because they figure it 's mostly usefull as a heat pump , not as a mechanical actuator .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>Somehow "heat engine" directly translates into "internal combustion engine" for me.
That's too bad, I hope this article will be enough to let you correct your thought why emphasize that it is a heat engine?Because they figure it's mostly usefull as a heat pump, not as a mechanical actuator.
	</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859952</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860714</id>
	<title>Re:Reeedeeeculous</title>
	<author>jo\_ham</author>
	<datestamp>1264182180000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>How did this get +3 informative?</p><p>How about -1 "did not read the summary and assumed it was an IC engine".</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>How did this get + 3 informative ? How about -1 " did not read the summary and assumed it was an IC engine " .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>How did this get +3 informative?How about -1 "did not read the summary and assumed it was an IC engine".</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860242</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860514</id>
	<title>Re:Heat engine != internal combustion engine</title>
	<author>Rogerborg</author>
	<datestamp>1264181100000</datestamp>
	<modclass>Funny</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext><blockquote><div><p>why emphasize that it is a heat engine?</p></div></blockquote><p>Probably just trying to get some free publicity when California bans it.</p></div>
	</htmltext>
<tokenext>why emphasize that it is a heat engine ? Probably just trying to get some free publicity when California bans it .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>why emphasize that it is a heat engine?Probably just trying to get some free publicity when California bans it.
	</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859952</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860528</id>
	<title>0.5 cubic micrometres?!</title>
	<author>Phizzle</author>
	<datestamp>1264181160000</datestamp>
	<modclass>Insightful</modclass>
	<modscore>2</modscore>
	<htmltext>So thats like <b>much smaller</b> than a womp rat!</htmltext>
<tokenext>So thats like much smaller than a womp rat !</tokentext>
<sentencetext>So thats like much smaller than a womp rat!</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860560</id>
	<title>Re:Heat engine != internal combustion engine</title>
	<author>Anonymous</author>
	<datestamp>1264181280000</datestamp>
	<modclass>Informativ</modclass>
	<modscore>4</modscore>
	<htmltext><p><i>Somehow "heat engine" directly translates into "internal combustion engine" for me.</i></p><p>A steam engine is an <i>external</i> combustion engine, yet is is still a heat engine. The thing with this teensy engine is that it reuses waste heat rather than throwing it away, making it far more efficient than your ordinary electric motor.</p><p>As a side note, the difference between a motor and an engine is that a motor rotates, an engine reciprocates. You can indeed have an electric engine (theyre usually called "solenoids") and a gasoline motor (Mazda had "rotary engines" back in the '70s; they were actually gasoline <b>motors</b>.)</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>Somehow " heat engine " directly translates into " internal combustion engine " for me.A steam engine is an external combustion engine , yet is is still a heat engine .
The thing with this teensy engine is that it reuses waste heat rather than throwing it away , making it far more efficient than your ordinary electric motor.As a side note , the difference between a motor and an engine is that a motor rotates , an engine reciprocates .
You can indeed have an electric engine ( theyre usually called " solenoids " ) and a gasoline motor ( Mazda had " rotary engines " back in the '70s ; they were actually gasoline motors .
)</tokentext>
<sentencetext>Somehow "heat engine" directly translates into "internal combustion engine" for me.A steam engine is an external combustion engine, yet is is still a heat engine.
The thing with this teensy engine is that it reuses waste heat rather than throwing it away, making it far more efficient than your ordinary electric motor.As a side note, the difference between a motor and an engine is that a motor rotates, an engine reciprocates.
You can indeed have an electric engine (theyre usually called "solenoids") and a gasoline motor (Mazda had "rotary engines" back in the '70s; they were actually gasoline motors.
)</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859952</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859940</id>
	<title>Re:what about my car...</title>
	<author>von\_rick</author>
	<datestamp>1264178400000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext>Don't do it unless you know the efficiency of this heat engine. Something tells me that a micro engine (or an array of those micro engines) wouldn't help you much.</htmltext>
<tokenext>Do n't do it unless you know the efficiency of this heat engine .
Something tells me that a micro engine ( or an array of those micro engines ) would n't help you much .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>Don't do it unless you know the efficiency of this heat engine.
Something tells me that a micro engine (or an array of those micro engines) wouldn't help you much.</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859840</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860510</id>
	<title>Help Me</title>
	<author>SnarfQuest</author>
	<datestamp>1264181100000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext><p><i>The total volume of the device is just 0.5 cubic micrometres.</i></p><p>I know I parked my car around here somewhere. Anyone see it?</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>The total volume of the device is just 0.5 cubic micrometres.I know I parked my car around here somewhere .
Anyone see it ?</tokentext>
<sentencetext>The total volume of the device is just 0.5 cubic micrometres.I know I parked my car around here somewhere.
Anyone see it?</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860446</id>
	<title>Re:Reeedeeeculous</title>
	<author>sunking2</author>
	<datestamp>1264180860000</datestamp>
	<modclass>Insightful</modclass>
	<modscore>4</modscore>
	<htmltext>It's almost as pathetic as the idiots who assume heat engine == combustion engine.</htmltext>
<tokenext>It 's almost as pathetic as the idiots who assume heat engine = = combustion engine .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>It's almost as pathetic as the idiots who assume heat engine == combustion engine.</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860242</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30861660</id>
	<title>Re:what is a cubic micrometer</title>
	<author>Maxo-Texas</author>
	<datestamp>1264186920000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>A centimeter is about as far across as your pinky finger fingernail.<br>A centimeter is about half the distance across a penny (1.9cm), nickle(2.1cm), or dime (1.7cm).<br>So a square the size of a stack of pennies, 6 high (1.55mm each), would be 1 centimeter high, 4 centimeters square (2x2) and have 4 cubic centimeters.</p><p>A typical grain of rice appears to be about<nobr> <wbr></nobr>.2centimeters by 1 centimeter.  So each grain of rice has roughly 1/25th of a cubic centimeter of material.  So 25 grains of rice would roughly fill a cubic centimeter.</p><p>From here <a href="http://online.unitconverterpro.com/common-conversion-tables/convert-alpha/length.html" title="unitconverterpro.com">http://online.unitconverterpro.com/common-conversion-tables/convert-alpha/length.html</a> [unitconverterpro.com]<br>there are 10,000 micrometers per centimeter.</p><p>From wiki<br>A human hair is 50 micrometers in diameter.</p><p>Since the device is<nobr> <wbr></nobr>.5 cubic micrometers, it is basically about 1/100th the thickness of a strand of human hair.<br>At 100x, on a consumer microscope, it would appear as a tiny dot.<br>At 1000x, (I think I had one that went this high), it should appear as a shape.</p><p>Comparatively, a human cell has a volume of 2.32 cubic micrometers.   So this is about 1/4th the size of a human cell.<br>You can clearly see cells in a normal microscope so this is not a sub atomic device.</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>A centimeter is about as far across as your pinky finger fingernail.A centimeter is about half the distance across a penny ( 1.9cm ) , nickle ( 2.1cm ) , or dime ( 1.7cm ) .So a square the size of a stack of pennies , 6 high ( 1.55mm each ) , would be 1 centimeter high , 4 centimeters square ( 2x2 ) and have 4 cubic centimeters.A typical grain of rice appears to be about .2centimeters by 1 centimeter .
So each grain of rice has roughly 1/25th of a cubic centimeter of material .
So 25 grains of rice would roughly fill a cubic centimeter.From here http : //online.unitconverterpro.com/common-conversion-tables/convert-alpha/length.html [ unitconverterpro.com ] there are 10,000 micrometers per centimeter.From wikiA human hair is 50 micrometers in diameter.Since the device is .5 cubic micrometers , it is basically about 1/100th the thickness of a strand of human hair.At 100x , on a consumer microscope , it would appear as a tiny dot.At 1000x , ( I think I had one that went this high ) , it should appear as a shape.Comparatively , a human cell has a volume of 2.32 cubic micrometers .
So this is about 1/4th the size of a human cell.You can clearly see cells in a normal microscope so this is not a sub atomic device .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>A centimeter is about as far across as your pinky finger fingernail.A centimeter is about half the distance across a penny (1.9cm), nickle(2.1cm), or dime (1.7cm).So a square the size of a stack of pennies, 6 high (1.55mm each), would be 1 centimeter high, 4 centimeters square (2x2) and have 4 cubic centimeters.A typical grain of rice appears to be about .2centimeters by 1 centimeter.
So each grain of rice has roughly 1/25th of a cubic centimeter of material.
So 25 grains of rice would roughly fill a cubic centimeter.From here http://online.unitconverterpro.com/common-conversion-tables/convert-alpha/length.html [unitconverterpro.com]there are 10,000 micrometers per centimeter.From wikiA human hair is 50 micrometers in diameter.Since the device is .5 cubic micrometers, it is basically about 1/100th the thickness of a strand of human hair.At 100x, on a consumer microscope, it would appear as a tiny dot.At 1000x, (I think I had one that went this high), it should appear as a shape.Comparatively, a human cell has a volume of 2.32 cubic micrometers.
So this is about 1/4th the size of a human cell.You can clearly see cells in a normal microscope so this is not a sub atomic device.</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859910</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30861442</id>
	<title>Re:Beer cans?</title>
	<author>damien\_kane</author>
	<datestamp>1264185720000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext><p><div class="quote"><p>The correct question is, how many beer <b>kegs</b> fit in a 0.5 micrometer fridge?</p></div><p>The answer is None... None beer kegs fit in a 0.5 micrometer fridge.<br>
One fits nicely in my kegerator, though.</p></div>
	</htmltext>
<tokenext>The correct question is , how many beer kegs fit in a 0.5 micrometer fridge ? The answer is None... None beer kegs fit in a 0.5 micrometer fridge .
One fits nicely in my kegerator , though .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>The correct question is, how many beer kegs fit in a 0.5 micrometer fridge?The answer is None... None beer kegs fit in a 0.5 micrometer fridge.
One fits nicely in my kegerator, though.
	</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860046</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30861030</id>
	<title>In Soviet Russia</title>
	<author>bdwebb</author>
	<datestamp>1264183620000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext>In Soviet Russia, engine...does not heat you.<nobr> <wbr></nobr>:(</htmltext>
<tokenext>In Soviet Russia , engine...does not heat you .
: (</tokentext>
<sentencetext>In Soviet Russia, engine...does not heat you.
:(</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860712</id>
	<title>Re:Reeedeeeculous</title>
	<author>JoeMerchant</author>
	<datestamp>1264182180000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext> I doubt they're trying to oxidize fuel in that volume - more likely they are transferring heat from one volume of gas to another.</htmltext>
<tokenext>I doubt they 're trying to oxidize fuel in that volume - more likely they are transferring heat from one volume of gas to another .</tokentext>
<sentencetext> I doubt they're trying to oxidize fuel in that volume - more likely they are transferring heat from one volume of gas to another.</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860242</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860480</id>
	<title>Re:Reeedeeeculous</title>
	<author>witch-doktor</author>
	<datestamp>1264180980000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext>This reference may be relevant:

<a href="http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/tandf/umte/1998/00000002/00000002/art00006?crawler=true" title="ingentaconnect.com" rel="nofollow">http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/tandf/umte/1998/00000002/00000002/art00006?crawler=true</a> [ingentaconnect.com]

"...Results from this study show that a small-scale heat engine fabricated from a low-thermal-conductivity material can be made with a length scale approaching 1 mm. Such a device would undoubtedly be composed of numerous microscale components. Below the 1-mm limit, efficiency suffers to such a degree that solid-state thermoelectric devices would become a better choice for a particular application. "</htmltext>
<tokenext>This reference may be relevant : http : //www.ingentaconnect.com/content/tandf/umte/1998/00000002/00000002/art00006 ? crawler = true [ ingentaconnect.com ] " ...Results from this study show that a small-scale heat engine fabricated from a low-thermal-conductivity material can be made with a length scale approaching 1 mm .
Such a device would undoubtedly be composed of numerous microscale components .
Below the 1-mm limit , efficiency suffers to such a degree that solid-state thermoelectric devices would become a better choice for a particular application .
"</tokentext>
<sentencetext>This reference may be relevant:

http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/tandf/umte/1998/00000002/00000002/art00006?crawler=true [ingentaconnect.com]

"...Results from this study show that a small-scale heat engine fabricated from a low-thermal-conductivity material can be made with a length scale approaching 1 mm.
Such a device would undoubtedly be composed of numerous microscale components.
Below the 1-mm limit, efficiency suffers to such a degree that solid-state thermoelectric devices would become a better choice for a particular application.
"</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860242</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860512</id>
	<title>Re:what is a cubic micrometer</title>
	<author>DeltaStorm</author>
	<datestamp>1264181100000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext><p><div class="quote"><p>Can the physics gurus please put cubic micrometers in perspective for us common mortals?  Is that as big as a grain of rice or a head of a pin?<br>10^7 micrometers is.... a spehrical cow? a toaster?</p></div><p>Yes, someone explain how many of them would fit into the library of congress.</p></div>
	</htmltext>
<tokenext>Can the physics gurus please put cubic micrometers in perspective for us common mortals ?
Is that as big as a grain of rice or a head of a pin ? 10 ^ 7 micrometers is.... a spehrical cow ?
a toaster ? Yes , someone explain how many of them would fit into the library of congress .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>Can the physics gurus please put cubic micrometers in perspective for us common mortals?
Is that as big as a grain of rice or a head of a pin?10^7 micrometers is.... a spehrical cow?
a toaster?Yes, someone explain how many of them would fit into the library of congress.
	</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859910</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860140</id>
	<title>More Entropy, that is exactly what need...</title>
	<author>jameskojiro</author>
	<datestamp>1264179360000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>I guess the Logopolians will have to spend even more time doing base block calculations to prevent the heat death of the universe.....</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>I guess the Logopolians will have to spend even more time doing base block calculations to prevent the heat death of the universe.... .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>I guess the Logopolians will have to spend even more time doing base block calculations to prevent the heat death of the universe.....</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860606</id>
	<title>Re:Reeedeeeculous</title>
	<author>Anonymous</author>
	<datestamp>1264181580000</datestamp>
	<modclass>Insightful</modclass>
	<modscore>4</modscore>
	<htmltext><p><div class="quote"><p>It's the basic SCALING LAW that Galilleo figured out like 600 years ago.</p><p>As you make things smaller, their volume, which is their abilitry to burn fuel, goes down as the CUBE of its linear dimension.</p><p>But its surface area, which is how it loses heat, only goes down as the square.</p></div><p>That'd be Newton's law of cooling, no more than 300 years old.</p></div>
	</htmltext>
<tokenext>It 's the basic SCALING LAW that Galilleo figured out like 600 years ago.As you make things smaller , their volume , which is their abilitry to burn fuel , goes down as the CUBE of its linear dimension.But its surface area , which is how it loses heat , only goes down as the square.That 'd be Newton 's law of cooling , no more than 300 years old .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>It's the basic SCALING LAW that Galilleo figured out like 600 years ago.As you make things smaller, their volume, which is their abilitry to burn fuel, goes down as the CUBE of its linear dimension.But its surface area, which is how it loses heat, only goes down as the square.That'd be Newton's law of cooling, no more than 300 years old.
	</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860242</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860778</id>
	<title>Re:Usefulness?</title>
	<author>Thelasko</author>
	<datestamp>1264182540000</datestamp>
	<modclass>Insightful</modclass>
	<modscore>2</modscore>
	<htmltext>As an engineer that works with heat engines.  I don't see what is so difficult about making a small heat engine.  However, if one were to make a heat engine seven orders of magnitude smaller, with the same efficiency of a full sized heat engine... THAT would be an accomplishment!<br> <br>
Unfortunately, both the article and the summary have left out that detail...</htmltext>
<tokenext>As an engineer that works with heat engines .
I do n't see what is so difficult about making a small heat engine .
However , if one were to make a heat engine seven orders of magnitude smaller , with the same efficiency of a full sized heat engine... THAT would be an accomplishment !
Unfortunately , both the article and the summary have left out that detail.. .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>As an engineer that works with heat engines.
I don't see what is so difficult about making a small heat engine.
However, if one were to make a heat engine seven orders of magnitude smaller, with the same efficiency of a full sized heat engine... THAT would be an accomplishment!
Unfortunately, both the article and the summary have left out that detail...</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860090</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30862378</id>
	<title>Re:Usefulness?</title>
	<author>suomynonAyletamitlU</author>
	<datestamp>1264191540000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>At what scale do you expect the horsepower to be useful?  A micrometer engine won't power your SUV, but if you want to create extremely small ducted fans that can be embedded in a processor, for example, I think it has the horsepower to push <i>air</i>.</p><p>Although that raises the immediate question of what happens if the mechanism gets clogged by dust or something.  At that scale, there ain't shit you can do to clean it.</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>At what scale do you expect the horsepower to be useful ?
A micrometer engine wo n't power your SUV , but if you want to create extremely small ducted fans that can be embedded in a processor , for example , I think it has the horsepower to push air.Although that raises the immediate question of what happens if the mechanism gets clogged by dust or something .
At that scale , there ai n't shit you can do to clean it .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>At what scale do you expect the horsepower to be useful?
A micrometer engine won't power your SUV, but if you want to create extremely small ducted fans that can be embedded in a processor, for example, I think it has the horsepower to push air.Although that raises the immediate question of what happens if the mechanism gets clogged by dust or something.
At that scale, there ain't shit you can do to clean it.</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859950</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30861510</id>
	<title>It's 1\% of a cubic mm</title>
	<author>KWTm</author>
	<datestamp>1264186140000</datestamp>
	<modclass>None</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>I agree that using cubic micrometers is nowhere near intuitive.</p><p>1 um (replace "u" with the Greek letter "mu" please) is 1e-6 metres.<br>So, 1 cubic um is 1e-18 cubic metres.  So, the smallest conventional heat engines are 1e7 of these 1e-18 cubic metres, or 1e-11 cubic metres.</p><p>Not that intuitive either.  So we'll use cubic mm.</p><p>1mm is 1e-3 metres, so 1 cubic mm is 1e-9 cubic metres.</p><p>Something that's 1e-11 cubic m (1e7 cubic um) is 1e-2 cubic mm.  So, it's 1\% of 1 cubic millimetre.</p><p>That's pretty small.</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>I agree that using cubic micrometers is nowhere near intuitive.1 um ( replace " u " with the Greek letter " mu " please ) is 1e-6 metres.So , 1 cubic um is 1e-18 cubic metres .
So , the smallest conventional heat engines are 1e7 of these 1e-18 cubic metres , or 1e-11 cubic metres.Not that intuitive either .
So we 'll use cubic mm.1mm is 1e-3 metres , so 1 cubic mm is 1e-9 cubic metres.Something that 's 1e-11 cubic m ( 1e7 cubic um ) is 1e-2 cubic mm .
So , it 's 1 \ % of 1 cubic millimetre.That 's pretty small .</tokentext>
<sentencetext>I agree that using cubic micrometers is nowhere near intuitive.1 um (replace "u" with the Greek letter "mu" please) is 1e-6 metres.So, 1 cubic um is 1e-18 cubic metres.
So, the smallest conventional heat engines are 1e7 of these 1e-18 cubic metres, or 1e-11 cubic metres.Not that intuitive either.
So we'll use cubic mm.1mm is 1e-3 metres, so 1 cubic mm is 1e-9 cubic metres.Something that's 1e-11 cubic m (1e7 cubic um) is 1e-2 cubic mm.
So, it's 1\% of 1 cubic millimetre.That's pretty small.</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859910</parent>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30862900</id>
	<title>Read the attached paper...</title>
	<author>autophile</author>
	<datestamp>1264151280000</datestamp>
	<modclass>Interestin</modclass>
	<modscore>4</modscore>
	<htmltext><p>I read the attached paper on arxiv, and from what I could tell, they passed a DC <i>current</i> through the thing, which caused the small engine beam to expand, causing it to heat up and move the mass. The piezoelectric effect causes the resistance in the small engine beam to change, which causes the beam to cool down and move the mass back with help from the larger spring beam. Rinse, repeat. Effectively a thermoelectric buzzer. The buzzing of this particular device was measured to be about 1.255 MHz at a DC current of 1.045 mA.

</p><p>Unlike what the Technology Review article says, the paper shows <i>no</i> application of an AC current to get the thing vibrating. In fact, the <i>measured voltage</i> is alternating because the resistance is alternating. The <i>current</i> remains the same. There is no complicated application of a DC current and an AC current. There's just an applied DC current.

</p><p>Am I understanding the paper correctly?</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>I read the attached paper on arxiv , and from what I could tell , they passed a DC current through the thing , which caused the small engine beam to expand , causing it to heat up and move the mass .
The piezoelectric effect causes the resistance in the small engine beam to change , which causes the beam to cool down and move the mass back with help from the larger spring beam .
Rinse , repeat .
Effectively a thermoelectric buzzer .
The buzzing of this particular device was measured to be about 1.255 MHz at a DC current of 1.045 mA .
Unlike what the Technology Review article says , the paper shows no application of an AC current to get the thing vibrating .
In fact , the measured voltage is alternating because the resistance is alternating .
The current remains the same .
There is no complicated application of a DC current and an AC current .
There 's just an applied DC current .
Am I understanding the paper correctly ?</tokentext>
<sentencetext>I read the attached paper on arxiv, and from what I could tell, they passed a DC current through the thing, which caused the small engine beam to expand, causing it to heat up and move the mass.
The piezoelectric effect causes the resistance in the small engine beam to change, which causes the beam to cool down and move the mass back with help from the larger spring beam.
Rinse, repeat.
Effectively a thermoelectric buzzer.
The buzzing of this particular device was measured to be about 1.255 MHz at a DC current of 1.045 mA.
Unlike what the Technology Review article says, the paper shows no application of an AC current to get the thing vibrating.
In fact, the measured voltage is alternating because the resistance is alternating.
The current remains the same.
There is no complicated application of a DC current and an AC current.
There's just an applied DC current.
Am I understanding the paper correctly?</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859858</id>
	<title>On Chip cooling?</title>
	<author>Anonymous</author>
	<datestamp>1264178040000</datestamp>
	<modclass>Insightful</modclass>
	<modscore>1</modscore>
	<htmltext><blockquote><div><p> Operating the thermodynamic cycle in reverse turns the device into a heat pump or refrigerator. The total volume of the device is just 0.5 cubic micrometres.</p></div></blockquote><p>
Great!  When can I get these built into my CPUs?</p></div>
	</htmltext>
<tokenext>Operating the thermodynamic cycle in reverse turns the device into a heat pump or refrigerator .
The total volume of the device is just 0.5 cubic micrometres .
Great ! When can I get these built into my CPUs ?</tokentext>
<sentencetext> Operating the thermodynamic cycle in reverse turns the device into a heat pump or refrigerator.
The total volume of the device is just 0.5 cubic micrometres.
Great!  When can I get these built into my CPUs?
	</sentencetext>
</comment>
<comment>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860090</id>
	<title>Re:Usefulness?</title>
	<author>gurps\_npc</author>
	<datestamp>1264179180000</datestamp>
	<modclass>Interestin</modclass>
	<modscore>5</modscore>
	<htmltext>No.  You have made a critical error in thinking.  You need to think relativity wise.  Scale changes how much power we need.

As of yet we don't have many small things that need small amounts of power because we have NOT had the engine.

Now that we have the small heat engine, it will allow us to develop small devices that use it.

<p>Assuming we had micro engines, we can take full advantege of many things that are better smaller than bigger.
</p><p>For example, a small device that turns heat into power could power an IMPLANTABLE MEDICAL DEVICE using the bodies own heating/cooling systems?  No more changing the battery for the pacemaker every
</p><p>Then there are small flying devices.   I am sure the military would love a flying camera the size of a real fly that uses the solar heat of the sun to power it.
</p><p>Then there are phones and musical devices.  Want one that uses half of its' own waste heat to recharge itself, perhaps doubling battery life?</p></htmltext>
<tokenext>No .
You have made a critical error in thinking .
You need to think relativity wise .
Scale changes how much power we need .
As of yet we do n't have many small things that need small amounts of power because we have NOT had the engine .
Now that we have the small heat engine , it will allow us to develop small devices that use it .
Assuming we had micro engines , we can take full advantege of many things that are better smaller than bigger .
For example , a small device that turns heat into power could power an IMPLANTABLE MEDICAL DEVICE using the bodies own heating/cooling systems ?
No more changing the battery for the pacemaker every Then there are small flying devices .
I am sure the military would love a flying camera the size of a real fly that uses the solar heat of the sun to power it .
Then there are phones and musical devices .
Want one that uses half of its ' own waste heat to recharge itself , perhaps doubling battery life ?</tokentext>
<sentencetext>No.
You have made a critical error in thinking.
You need to think relativity wise.
Scale changes how much power we need.
As of yet we don't have many small things that need small amounts of power because we have NOT had the engine.
Now that we have the small heat engine, it will allow us to develop small devices that use it.
Assuming we had micro engines, we can take full advantege of many things that are better smaller than bigger.
For example, a small device that turns heat into power could power an IMPLANTABLE MEDICAL DEVICE using the bodies own heating/cooling systems?
No more changing the battery for the pacemaker every
Then there are small flying devices.
I am sure the military would love a flying camera the size of a real fly that uses the solar heat of the sun to power it.
Then there are phones and musical devices.
Want one that uses half of its' own waste heat to recharge itself, perhaps doubling battery life?</sentencetext>
	<parent>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859950</parent>
</comment>
<thread>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#thread_10_01_22_1429219_0</id>
	<commentlist>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30861616
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30861354
</commentlist>
</thread>
<thread>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#thread_10_01_22_1429219_10</id>
	<commentlist>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860714
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860242
</commentlist>
</thread>
<thread>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#thread_10_01_22_1429219_2</id>
	<commentlist>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860074
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859910
</commentlist>
</thread>
<thread>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#thread_10_01_22_1429219_35</id>
	<commentlist>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30861660
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859910
</commentlist>
</thread>
<thread>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#thread_10_01_22_1429219_26</id>
	<commentlist>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30863674
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860442
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860242
</commentlist>
</thread>
<thread>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#thread_10_01_22_1429219_25</id>
	<commentlist>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860606
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860242
</commentlist>
</thread>
<thread>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#thread_10_01_22_1429219_16</id>
	<commentlist>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860420
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859952
</commentlist>
</thread>
<thread>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#thread_10_01_22_1429219_32</id>
	<commentlist>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860368
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859952
</commentlist>
</thread>
<thread>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#thread_10_01_22_1429219_9</id>
	<commentlist>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30861034
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860242
</commentlist>
</thread>
<thread>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#thread_10_01_22_1429219_24</id>
	<commentlist>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30861442
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860046
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859930
</commentlist>
</thread>
<thread>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#thread_10_01_22_1429219_14</id>
	<commentlist>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860096
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859858
</commentlist>
</thread>
<thread>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#thread_10_01_22_1429219_6</id>
	<commentlist>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30863746
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860442
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860242
</commentlist>
</thread>
<thread>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#thread_10_01_22_1429219_1</id>
	<commentlist>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30861510
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859910
</commentlist>
</thread>
<thread>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#thread_10_01_22_1429219_3</id>
	<commentlist>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30861626
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859952
</commentlist>
</thread>
<thread>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#thread_10_01_22_1429219_11</id>
	<commentlist>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30861282
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860560
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859952
</commentlist>
</thread>
<thread>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#thread_10_01_22_1429219_36</id>
	<commentlist>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860400
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859930
</commentlist>
</thread>
<thread>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#thread_10_01_22_1429219_4</id>
	<commentlist>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30866866
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860560
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859952
</commentlist>
</thread>
<thread>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#thread_10_01_22_1429219_28</id>
	<commentlist>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860298
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859840
</commentlist>
</thread>
<thread>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#thread_10_01_22_1429219_33</id>
	<commentlist>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860966
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860446
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860242
</commentlist>
</thread>
<thread>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#thread_10_01_22_1429219_23</id>
	<commentlist>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30862000
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860560
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859952
</commentlist>
</thread>
<thread>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#thread_10_01_22_1429219_30</id>
	<commentlist>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859906
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859858
</commentlist>
</thread>
<thread>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#thread_10_01_22_1429219_7</id>
	<commentlist>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860562
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860242
</commentlist>
</thread>
<thread>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#thread_10_01_22_1429219_15</id>
	<commentlist>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30862378
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859950
</commentlist>
</thread>
<thread>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#thread_10_01_22_1429219_17</id>
	<commentlist>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860712
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860242
</commentlist>
</thread>
<thread>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#thread_10_01_22_1429219_19</id>
	<commentlist>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859940
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859840
</commentlist>
</thread>
<thread>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#thread_10_01_22_1429219_31</id>
	<commentlist>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30865472
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30862374
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860090
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859950
</commentlist>
</thread>
<thread>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#thread_10_01_22_1429219_22</id>
	<commentlist>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30876966
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860512
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859910
</commentlist>
</thread>
<thread>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#thread_10_01_22_1429219_8</id>
	<commentlist>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30863132
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860560
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859952
</commentlist>
</thread>
<thread>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#thread_10_01_22_1429219_18</id>
	<commentlist>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860514
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859952
</commentlist>
</thread>
<thread>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#thread_10_01_22_1429219_21</id>
	<commentlist>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860524
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860242
</commentlist>
</thread>
<thread>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#thread_10_01_22_1429219_12</id>
	<commentlist>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860480
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860242
</commentlist>
</thread>
<thread>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#thread_10_01_22_1429219_5</id>
	<commentlist>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30861778
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859950
</commentlist>
</thread>
<thread>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#thread_10_01_22_1429219_13</id>
	<commentlist>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860778
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860090
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859950
</commentlist>
</thread>
<thread>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#thread_10_01_22_1429219_27</id>
	<commentlist>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859880
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859840
</commentlist>
</thread>
<thread>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#thread_10_01_22_1429219_29</id>
	<commentlist>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30861944
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860560
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859952
</commentlist>
</thread>
<thread>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#thread_10_01_22_1429219_20</id>
	<commentlist>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860220
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859952
</commentlist>
</thread>
<thread>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#thread_10_01_22_1429219_34</id>
	<commentlist>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30862358
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860090
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859950
</commentlist>
</thread>
<conversation>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#conversation10_01_22_1429219.2</id>
	<commentlist>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859900
</commentlist>
</conversation>
<conversation>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#conversation10_01_22_1429219.0</id>
	<commentlist>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859950
-http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30862378
-http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860090
--http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30862374
---http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30865472
--http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860778
--http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30862358
-http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30861778
</commentlist>
</conversation>
<conversation>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#conversation10_01_22_1429219.13</id>
	<commentlist>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859928
</commentlist>
</conversation>
<conversation>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#conversation10_01_22_1429219.11</id>
	<commentlist>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859952
-http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860220
-http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860560
--http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30863132
--http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30866866
--http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30861944
--http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30861282
--http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30862000
-http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860514
-http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860420
-http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30861626
-http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860368
</commentlist>
</conversation>
<conversation>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#conversation10_01_22_1429219.9</id>
	<commentlist>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860528
</commentlist>
</conversation>
<conversation>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#conversation10_01_22_1429219.6</id>
	<commentlist>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860140
</commentlist>
</conversation>
<conversation>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#conversation10_01_22_1429219.7</id>
	<commentlist>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860242
-http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860712
-http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860562
-http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860446
--http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860966
-http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30861034
-http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860480
-http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860442
--http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30863674
--http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30863746
-http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860606
-http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860524
-http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860714
</commentlist>
</conversation>
<conversation>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#conversation10_01_22_1429219.4</id>
	<commentlist>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30862900
</commentlist>
</conversation>
<conversation>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#conversation10_01_22_1429219.12</id>
	<commentlist>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859870
</commentlist>
</conversation>
<conversation>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#conversation10_01_22_1429219.1</id>
	<commentlist>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859930
-http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860046
--http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30861442
-http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860400
</commentlist>
</conversation>
<conversation>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#conversation10_01_22_1429219.5</id>
	<commentlist>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30861354
-http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30861616
</commentlist>
</conversation>
<conversation>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#conversation10_01_22_1429219.3</id>
	<commentlist>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859858
-http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860096
-http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859906
</commentlist>
</conversation>
<conversation>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#conversation10_01_22_1429219.10</id>
	<commentlist>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859910
-http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860512
--http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30876966
-http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30861510
-http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30861660
-http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860074
</commentlist>
</conversation>
<conversation>
	<id>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#conversation10_01_22_1429219.8</id>
	<commentlist>http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859840
-http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30860298
-http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859940
-http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/ConversationInstances.owl#comment10_01_22_1429219.30859880
</commentlist>
</conversation>
