"""
A module providing a class for playing cards

This implementation is adapted from chapter 18 of the course text, _Think Python_,
by Allen B. Downey.

Authors: Steve Marschner (srm2), Lillian Lee (ljl2), and Walker White (wmw2)
Date:    October 1, 2017 (Python 3 Version)
"""


class Card(object):
    """
    A class to represent a standard playing card.
    
    INSTANCE ATTRIBUTES:
        suit: the suit of this particular card. 
              The name of this suit is given by SUIT_NAMES[suit]. 
              [int in 0..NUM_SUITS-1]
        
        rank: the rank of this particular care.  
              The name of this rank is given by RANK_NAMES[rank].  
              [int in 1..NUM_RANKS]

    Hence, if we execute c = Card(0, 12), SUIT_NAMES[c.suit] is 'Clubs'
    and RANK_NAMES[c.rank] is '12' and this card is the Queen of Clubs.
    """
    
    # CONSTANTS TO DEFINE CARD SUITS AND RANKS (Stored in Class Folder)
    SUIT_NAMES = ['Clubs', 'Diamonds', 'Hearts', 'Spades']
    NUM_SUITS  = len(SUIT_NAMES)

    # Starts at None so that we can treat RANK_NAMES as a translation table:
    # RANK_NAME[1] is 'Ace', RANK_NAME[13] is 'King', etc.
    RANK_NAMES = [None, 'Ace', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7',
                  '8', '9', '10', 'Jack', 'Queen', 'King']
    NUM_RANKS  = 13
    
    
    def __init__(self, suit=0, rank=1, code=None):
        """
        Initializer: Creates a card whose with given suit and rank.
        
        The suits and rank are represented as integers.  Alternatively,
        suit and rank can be encodedvtogether in a two-character string like
        '3H' (3 of hearts) or 'KS' (king of spades).  Use 'T' for Ten.
    
        Example: if we execute c = Card(0, 12), then this card is the Queen of
        Clubs, since SUIT_NAMES[c.suit] is 'Clubs' and RANK_NAMES[c.rank] is 12.
        The same card could be created by Card('QC').
    
        Parameter suit: the suit encoding (optional)
        Precondition: suit is an int in 0..NUM_SUITS-1 (inclusive)
        
        Parameter rank: the rank encoding (optional)
        Precondition: rank is an int in 1..NUM_RANKS (inclusive)
        
        Parameter code: the card encoded as a string (optional)
        Precondition: code is a 2-char string with code[0] in 'A23456789TJQK' 
        and card[1] in 'CDHS'.
        """
        if code:
            suit = 'CDHS'.index(code[1])
            rank = ' A23456789TJQK'.index(code[0])
        self.suit = suit
        self.rank = rank

    def __str__(self):
        """
        Returns: readable string representation of this card.
        
        Example: '2 of Hearts'
        """
        return self.RANK_NAMES[self.rank] + ' of ' + self.SUIT_NAMES[self.suit]

    def __eq__(self, other):
        """
        Returns: True if other is an equivalent card; False otherwise
        
        Parameter other: the value to compare
        Precondition: NONE (other can be anything)
        """
        return (isinstance(other,Card) and
                (self.suit, self.rank) == (other.suit, other.rank))

    def __ne__(self, other):
        """
        Returns: False if other is an equivalent card; True otherwise
        
        Parameter other: the value to compare
        Precondition: NONE (other can be anything)
        """
        return not self.__eq__(other)
    
    def __lt__(self, other):
        """
        Returns: True if this card is less than other
        
        Cards are compared according to poker ordering, with Aces high.
        
        Parameter other: the value to compare
        Precondition: other is a Card
        """
        if (self.rank == other.rank):
            return self.suit < other.suit
        else:
            left = 14 if self.rank == 1 else self.rank
            rght = 14 if other.rank == 1 else other.rank
            return left < rght


# Related Functions
def full_deck():
    """
    Returns: list of the standard 52 cards
    """
    output = []  # list of cards so far to be returned
    for suit in range(Card.NUM_SUITS):
        for rank in range(1,Card.NUM_RANKS+1):  # skip the None value
            output.append(Card(suit,rank))
    return output


def print_cards(clist):
    """
    Prints the cards in list clist.
    
    Parameter clist: the card list
    Precondition:  clist is a list of Cards, possibly empty.
    """
    for c in clist:
        print(str(c))