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Cornell Center for Materials Research&Intel Technology for Education 2000 Progress Report - 4th Quarter Status Report 

Accomplishments
Windows NT
Linux
Next Quarter Plans
Contacts
Equipment Utilization

Accomplishments

Windows NT

Installation and Maintenance Strategies

"We even accept the fact that we occasionally need to completely re-install the desktop OS and all of our applications, and restore all personal files from the latest backup." Mark Hall and Ralph Barker "The Death of the Desktop", Performance Computing, August 1998

Our first strategy is to make the installation and re-installation of WinNT and application software from scratch to be as simple and rapid a process as possible.  We are using Ghost to save and load disk images on our AFS (Andrew File System, Transarc)  fileserver via Samba, a public domain SMB server running under UNIX.

We have successfully deployed 8 of these machines and can re-install to an identical configuration quickly. However, this plan has run into a fatal flaw. New machines arriving have slightly different hardware configurations. A simple revision update in the ethernet controller rendered the boot disk inoperative. Once that was fixed a similar revision change in the SCSI controller made the previous images useless.

We are now working on a strategy that combines an installation "recipe", remote-distribution and an image. With this we will come up with a well defined minimal set of instructions that can be used to completely reinstall the OS. From this minimal installation we will run remote-distribution software (PcRdist) that will use a pull-mechanism to download various packages and configure the system and registry for printers and other resources. Finally we will make an image of this install and save it for later reinstallation as needed.

Facility Integration

CCMR Computing Facility is based on UNIX (AIX, SunOS, IRIX, Linux) servers and clients. Work is progressing on developing tools and techniques to integrate NT into this structure. We are using Transarc Corporation's AFS (Andrew File System) client for WinNT to leverage our existing AFS based file service, backup, authentication, and administration infrastructure for WinNT.  We have purchased and installed NT-AFS for this purpose.

File Service

In contrast to NFS (Network File System) which is stateless and relies on local system caching, AFS uses it's own caching mechanism to keep frequently used files local to the client. This has the potential to greatly reduce network traffic and improve performance. Only the software that is used on that workstation is actually local to that station. However, additional memory overhead is significant and the type of files being accessed, many small or a few large files, can affect performance. Also, the initial access on a file takes longer as the client retrieves the file from the server and is placed into the client's local AFS caching system.

We are looking into the performance of this versus NT Server, Samba and local file access. We have seen some very irradic performance while exploring disks on the server. We are concerned about the interaction between the NT file cache and the AFS file cache. Both are in memory, both are essentially doing the same thing but with different mechanisms.

Authentication

For authentication we are experimenting with a GINA (Graphical Identification aNd Authentication?) replacement developed at Notre Dame.  It is not desirable to maintain separate authentication systems for NT and UNIX for 500 users. The ND_GINA enables WinNT to use AFS Kerberos authentication for login.  Roaming profiles are stored in each user's AFS home directory.  By executing several scripts at boot time and login/logout time, the ND_GINA also provides an infrastructure for workstation administration (see printing below for example).  For other GINA projects, see the MIT NT GINA Information Website.

So far, we have modified, built, and installed the ND_GINA.  We have demonstrated that authentication, fileserver access, and roaming profiles work.  Three workstations are available for users, an other is being used by the CCMR Ion Beam Facility.  Full-scale deployment is awaiting completion of development and implementation of our WinNT installation strategy mentioned above.

A signficant problem is the inconsistancy of the AFS home directory access and subsequent absence of the user's profile. NT-AFS 3.4a patch 10 has recently come out and may solve this problem. Not enough testing has been done to determine this yet.

Printing

Printing within CCMR is accounted. Therefore login and authentication are an issue on each system. For NT were are using lpr configured print services. This is being managed by the GINA modifications and PcRdist so that as printers are removed or installed the user's view, Printer Folder, is kept current.

Software

We are using Hummingbird's Exceed Software for Xwindow client access to our UNIX systems. We have also installed Microsoft Suite provided to the Intel grant equipment by a grant from Microsoft. Currently we have not installed any specific scientific software on these systems. We have purchased IDL, a visualization package and have licenses for Abaqus, finite element modelling, and the Portland Group FORTRAN compiler which is essential for the migration of some software.

Utilization

Lam/Ast - Micro Electro Mechanical/Optical System simulations. This kind
of simulation uses finite element or finite difference software. We have written a FORTRAN program to do finite difference time domain simulations. A 2-D simulation takes up 128M RAM. We hope to do 3-D simulations soon. Recently our group started using SUPREME and PISCES simulators. Both of the simulation packages require at least 64M RAM to only to start running. To use its graphical display at the same time an analysis is running requires significant CPU and video capabilities and was not possible on existing PC equipment.

Revesz - Development of remote access capability to the CCMR Ion Beam facility.

Facility User Room - 3 NT machines are available for users in the computing facilities general user rooms.

IRG2  / Ast  Install and maintain a datebase on glass. A commercial package containing 38,000 data has been located.

Linux

Installation and Maintenance Strategies

We had a small installed base of Linux systems running on Intel systems. With the increase in numbers we have developed a more complete installation strategy for Linux on Intel architecture workstations.  Like WinNT this involves an installation recipe that can be easily followed. We had developed a system configuration strategy for other UNIX variants and we modified that to handle the addition of Linux. Unlike NT where most system settings are in the registry, these modifications are spread across many files. However, these files are text based, easily modified with standard UNIX utilities and we have years of expertise in handling this. UNIX is inherently multi-user so the system needs no special software for handling setup upon login for individuals. Most software is located on the AFS fileserver so updates appear via the network without a specific distribution mechanism.

We are finding that recent Linux packages like that coming from RedHat are including more software pre-installed with conflicts with some of our fileserver versions. This will require us to reevaluate where this software should reside and how it will be kept current.

Facility Integration

File Service

We are using the MIT AFS client for Linux . This is public domain and unsupported by Transarc. Transarc has recenlty announced support of an AFS client for Linux 2.2. This client is still in beta test and we are currently using Linux 2.0. We plan on shifting to this in the 3rd quarter of 1999. See the section of File Service under Windows NT for a description of AFS.

Authentication

Login is authticated against the AFS Kerberos server and allows full facility access.

Printing

Because Linux uses BSD lpr print services and configuration it integrates quickly and seemlessly into our current environment.

Computation

Six of the Intel Grant workstations are available as compute servers using the Distributed Queuing System from Florida State University which we also use for our IBM/AIX and SGI/IRIX systems .  These compute servers are available to our entire 500 user faculty and graduate student research community. This allows the user to send long jobs to several machines that will run unattended and may take from hours to weeks for completion.

Software

We have also acquired, built, and installed a large selection of data analysis and graphics software for the Linux/Intel platform. In addition to our standard UNIX supported software we have purchased IDL, a visualization package and have licenses for the Portland Group FORTRAN compiler which is essential for the migration of some software.

Utilization

Schwarz - Numerical computation and graphics using  Matlab

Sachse  - Preparation of papers and presentations for scientific publication using TeX

Johnson - Investigations into solid hydrogen using VASP (Vienna Ab-Initio Simulation Package).  It does first-principles quantum mechanics calculations for solids and liquids. The ab-initio calculation is a very standard computational tool in physics these days. Much of this work has been done using AIX/IBM-RS6000 and IRIX/SGI-PowerOnyx.
 
 Pomeroy  /  IRG3   IRG3 uses scanning and scattering probes to characterize thin films, producing real space and momentum space (respectively) images and lineshapes.  Extraction of quantitative information from these images often requires intense image analysis, including lineshape fitting of data Careful tuning and iteration of our fitting routines (a streamlined Mathematica notebook) allows us to quantitatively corroborate data from real and momentum space (STM and CHESS), as well as have the power and versatility to make on-the-fly corrections to experimental procedure based on the information extracted.  We propose to use this computer to enhance our ability and efficiency to perform this analysis.

Facility User Room - 3 Linux machines are available for users in the computing facilities general user rooms.

Networking

The 100 MB switched network now includes our general user rooms in both Clark and Thurston Halls. Our current bottleneck is in the infrastructure wiring to the offices, labs and the building. Cornell Information Technologies is planning to offer 100 MB connections in the Summer of 1999.

100 MB switched Ethernet has been installed in our central computer rooms at both the Clark Hall and the Thurston Hall sites. This is helping to relieve the network congestion that having many fast Intel computers can create, and to improve throughput.  Further testing needs to be done.

 

Transfer Speed KB/sec Pkt/sec Notes
  (MB)   (sustained)
NT-NT R/W 100 1,080 800 (SMB)
NT-AFS Read 10/100 771 740
NT-AFS Write 100/10 771 740
NT-AFS Read 10 415 740
AIX-AFS Read 10 402 400
AIX-AFS Write 10 519 740
AIX-AIX R/W 10 771 740 (rcp)

 

Performance

We have only begun to compare performance between Intel and other systems running as well as NT versus Linux. We expect to do this on standard applications that are used under normal operating conditions, i.e. network and normal services running. We are currently compiling this information and will be updating the results shortly.

 

Test Results
Test CPU OS CPU Time Real Time Date Notes
latex1 Intel PII/266 NT 4.0   3.2 7/9/98  
    Linux 2.0.33 0.89 2.2 7/10/98  
  IBM Pwr2/59 AIX 4.1 5.62 7.9    
tex1 Intel PII/266 NT 4.0   1.20 7/9/98  
    Linux 2.0.33 0.23 0.48 7/10/98  
  IBM Pwr2/59 AIX 4.1 0.68 0.74  

 

EB

Intel PII/300

Linux 2.033

8:53

 

2/5/99

 

 

Intel Xeon/400

Linux 2.0.33

6:10

 

"

 

 

IBM Power2SC/120

AIX 4.2

10:33

 

"

 

 

Next Quarter Plans

Address specific performance issues that are arising with WinNT.
Development and implement a file system/registry lock-down strategy for NT.
Examine methods needed to upgrade or add applications to configured NT systems.
Test and benchmark UNIX workstation applications under Windows and Linux on Intel platform. (TeX, IDL,Hint,Spec)
Deploy NT Server for IDL Licensing and Samba inter-operation testing.
Install a 4 system Extreme Linux Beowulf cluster for batch processing

 

Contacts

Faculty
Eberhard Bodenschatz - 618 Clark Hall, 255-0794
Alan Zehnder - 317 Kimball Hall, 255-9181
 CCMR Research staff
Mike Heisler - E20 Clark Hall, 255-7223
Daniel Blakeley - E20 Clark Hall, 255-6064
Tom Baldwin - E20 Clark Hall, 255-6064
Graduate Students
CCMR Intel Grant Status - Local CCMR page will be most up-to-date information on this project

Equipment Utilization  

Name Type Received Site OS Utilization
  266Mhz Pentium II 128MB 11/97 Clark WinNT

Relocating to CCMR  Interdisciplinary Research Group

  266Mhz Pentium II 128MB 11/97 Clark Linux

Relocating to CCMR  Interdisciplinary Research Group

  266Mhz Pentium II 128MB 11/97 Thurston WinNT

  Ast/IRG2  

  266Mhz Pentium II 128MB 11/97 Thurston Linux

 Pomeroy/IRG3 

watson 300Mhz Pentium II 128MB 1/98 Clark WinNT CCMR_GINA testing
bob 300Mhz Pentium II 128MB 1/98 Clark WinNT CCMR_GINA user room, replicated
maine 300Mhz Pentium II 128MB 1/98 Thurston WinNT Revesz
hood 300Mhz Pentium II 128MB 1/98 Thurston WinNT Lam 
dinosaur 510T 24-port 10/100MHz switching hub 2/98 Clark N/A Network Hub
ccmrs01 510T 24-port 10/100MHz switching hub 4/98 Clark N/A Network Hub
bkts00 510T 24-port 10/100MHz switching hub 2/98 Thurston N/A Network Hub
bkts01 510T 24-port 10/100MHz switching hub 4/98 Thurston N/A Network Hub
utah 333Mhz Pentium II 256MB w/tape 4/98 Thurston Linux Computer server
ohio 333Mhz Pentium II 256MB 4/98 Thurston Linux Compute server  Johnson
bumble 333Mhz Pentium II 256MB 4/98 Clark Linux CCMR user room,   Schwarz 
bee 333Mhz Pentium II 256MB w/tape 4/98 Clark Linux Computer server
seven 400Mhz Pentium II 128MB 8/98 Clark WinNT CCMR_GINA development
  400Mhz Pentium II 128MB 8/98 Clark WinNT CCMR_GINA user room, replicated
texas 400Mhz Pentium II 128MB 8/98 Thurston WinNT CCMR_GINA user room, replicated
iowa 400Mhz Pentium II 128MB 8/98 Thurston WinNT CCMR_GINA user room, replicated
wanda 400Mhz Pentium Xeon 256MB 12/98 Clark Linux CCMR user room
malcolm 400Mhz Pentium Xeon 256MB 12/98 Clark Linux CCMR staff test
neelix 400Mhz Pentium Xeon 256MB 12/98 Thurston Linux CCMR user room
kurn 400Mhz Pentium Xeon 256MB 12/98 Thurston Linux Compute server  Sachse 
Beowulf 450Mhz Pentium II 128MB (4 systems) 12/98 Clark Linux Extreme Linux MP cluster (1st Quarter)

 


Updated: February 15, 1999
Webmaster

Cornell Center for Materials Research & Intel Technology for Education 2000 Progress Report - 2nd Quarter Report

Accomplishments
Next Quarter Plans
Contacts
Equipment Utilization

Accomplishments

Windows NT

Installation Strategies

"We even accept the fact that we occasionally need to completely re-install the desktop OS and all of our applications, and restore all personal files from the latest backup." Mark Hall and Ralph Barker "The Death of the Desktop", Performance Computing, August 1998

Our first strategy is to make the installation and re-installation of WinNT and application software from scratch to be as simple and rapid a process as possible.  We are using Ghost to save and load disk images on our AFS fileserver via Samba.

We have successfully deployed a number of these machines and can re-install to an identical configuration quickly.

UNIX Integration

We are using Transarc Corporation's AFS (Andrew File System) client for WinNT to leverage our existing AFS based file service, backup, authentication, and administration infrastructure for WinNT.  We have purchased and installed NT-AFS for several of the Intel workstations.

File Service

In contrast to NFS (Network File System) which is stateless and relies on local system caching, AFS uses it's own caching mechanism to keep frequently used files local to the client. This has the potential to greatly reduce network traffic and improve performance. Only the software that is used on that workstation is actually local to that station. However, additional memory overhead is significant and the type of files being accessed, many small or a few large files, can affect performance. Also, the initial access on a file takes longer as the client retrieves the file from the server and is placed into the client's local AFS caching system. We are looking into the performance of this versus NT Server, Samba and local file access.

Authentication

For authentication we are experimenting with a GINA (Graphical Identification aNd Authentication?) replacement developed at Notre Dame.  It is not desirable to maintain separate authentication systems for NT and UNIX. The ND_GINA enables WinNT to use AFS Kerberos authentication for login.  Roaming profiles are stored in each user's AFS home directory.  By executing several scripts at boot time and login/logout time, the ND_GINA also provides an infrastructure for workstation administration.  For other GINA projects, see the MIT NT GINA Information Website.

So far, we have modified, built, and installed the ND_GINA.  We have demonstrated that authentication, fileserver access, and roaming profiles work.  Three workstations are available for users, 1 is being used by a specific group.  Full-scale deployment is awaiting completion of development and implementation of our WinNT installation strategy.

Printing

Printing within CCMR is accounted. Therefor login and authentication was also an issue. For NT were are using lpr configured print services. This is being managed by the GINA modifications so that as printers are removed or installed the user's view, Printer Folder, is kept current.

Utilization

Lam/Ast - Our group is doing some Micro Electro Mechanical/Optical System simulations. This kind of simulation uses finite element or finite difference software. We have written a FORTRAN program to do finite difference time domain simulations. A 2-D simulation takes up 128M RAM. We hope to do 3-D simulations soon. Recently our group started using SUPREME and PISCES simulators. Both of the simulation packages require at least 64M RAM to only to start running. To use its graphical display at the same time an analysis is running requires significant CPU and video capabilities and was not possible on existing PC equipment.

Revesz - Development of remote access capability to the CCMR Ion Beam facility.

Linux

We have developed an installation strategy for Linux on Intel architecture workstations.  We are using the MIT AFS client for Linux.  Three of the Intel Grant workstations are available as compute servers using the Distributed Queuing System from Florida State University which we also use for our IBM/AIX and SGI/IRIX systems .  These compute servers are available to our entire 500 user faculty and graduate student research community.  We have also acquired, built, and installed a large selection of data analysis and graphics software for the Linux/Intel platform.

Utilization

Schwarz - Numerical computation and graphics using  Matlab

Sachse  - Preparation of papers and presentations for scientific publication using TeX

Johnson - Investigations into solid hydrogen using VASP (Vienna Ab-Initio Simulation Package).  It does first-principles quantum mechanics calculations for solids and liquids. The ab-initio calculation is a very standard computational tool in physics these days. Much of this work has been done using AIX/IBM-RS6000 and IRIX/SGI-PowerOnyx.
 

Networking

Expanded 100 MB Network to include our general user room in Thurston. Our bottleneck is in the infrastructure wiring to the offices, labs and the building. Cornell Information Technologies is planning to offer 100 MB connections in the Fall of 1998.

100 MB Ethernet network has been installed in our central computer rooms at both the Clark Hall and the Thurston Hall sites. This is helping to relieve the network congestion that having many fast Intel computers can create, and to improve throughput.

 

Transfer Speed KB/sec Pkt/sec Notes
  (MB)   (sustained)
NT-NT R/W 100 1,080 800 (SMB)
NT-AFS Read 10/100 771 740
NT-AFS Write 100/10 771 740
NT-AFS Read 10 415 740
AIX-AFS Read 10 402 400
AIX-AFS Write 10 519 740
AIX-AIX R/W 10 771 740 (rcp)

Performance

We have only begun to compare performance between Intel and other systems running as well as NT versus Linux. We expect to do this on standard applications that are used under normal operating conditions, i.e. network and normal services running.

Test Results
Test CPU OS CPU Time Real Time Date Notes
latex1 Intel PII/266 NT 4.0   3.2 7/9/98  
    Linux 2.0.33 0.89 2.2 7/10/98  
  IBM Pwr2/59 AIX 4.1 5.62 7.9    
tex1 Intel PII/266 NT 4.0   1.20 7/9/98  
    Linux 2.0.33 0.23 0.48 7/10/98  
  IBM Pwr2/59 AIX 4.1 0.68 0.74    

Next Quarter Plans

Address specific performance issues that are arising.
Development and implementation of a file system/registry lock-down strategy.
Examine methods needed to upgrade or add applications to configured systems.
Expand 100 MB Network to include our general user room in Clark Hall.
Deploy additional systems in the general user room.
Test and benchmark UNIX workstation applications under Windows and Linux on Intel platform. (TeX, IDL)
Deploy NT Server for IDL Licensing and Samba inter operation testing.

Contacts

Faculty

Eberhard Bodenschatz - 618 Clark Hall, 255-0794
Alan Zehnder - 317 Kimball Hall, 255-9181

Research staff

Mike Heisler - E20 Clark Hall, 255-7223
Daniel Blakeley - E20 Clark Hall, 255-6064
Tom Baldwin - E20 Clark Hall, 255-6064

Graduate Students

Equipment Utilization  

Name Type Received Site OS Utilization
seven 266Mhz Pentium II 128MB 11/97 Clark WinNT CCMR_GINA development
malcolm 266Mhz Pentium II 128MB 11/97 Clark Linux Compute server; Staff workstation
kurn 266Mhz Pentium II 128MB 11/97 Thurston Linux Compute server  Sachse 
mogh 266Mhz Pentium II 128MB 11/97 Thurston Linux Compute server  Johnson 
watson 300Mhz Pentium II 128MB 1/98 Clark WinNT CCMR_GINA testing
bob 300Mhz Pentium II 128MB 1/98 Clark WinNT CCMR_GINA user room, replicated
maine 300Mhz Pentium II 128MB 1/98 Thurston WinNT Revesz
hood 300Mhz Pentium II 128MB 1/98 Thurston WinNT Lam 
dinosaur 510T 24-port 10/100MHz switching hub 2/98 Clark N/A Network Hub
ccmrs01 510T 24-port 10/100MHz switching hub 4/98 Clark N/A Network Hub
bkts00 510T 24-port 10/100MHz switching hub 2/98 Thurston N/A Network Hub
bkts01 510T 24-port 10/100MHz switching hub 4/98 Thurston N/A Network Hub
utah 333Mhz Pentium II 256MB w/tape 4/98 Thurston WinNT CCMR_GINA user room, replicated
ohio 333Mhz Pentium II 256MB 4/98 Thurston Linux Compute server
bumble 333Mhz Pentium II 256MB 4/98 Clark Linux User Room, general use  Schwarz 
  333Mhz Pentium II 256MB w/tape 4/98 Clark WinNT CCMR_GINA user room, replicated

 


Updated: April 6, 1998
Webmaster

Experimental and Computation Facilities for Materials Research Status Report - 1st Quarter

Accomplishments
Next Quarter Plans
Contacts
Equipment Utilization

Accomplishments

Networking

100MB Ethernet network has been installed in our central computer rooms at both the Clark Hall and the Thurston Hall sites. This is helping to relieve the network congestion that having many fast Intel computers can create, and to improve throughput.
 

Transfer Speed KB/sec Pkt/sec Notes
  (MB)   (sustained)
NT-NT R/W 100 1,080 800 (SMB)
NT-AFS Read 10/100 771 740
NT-AFS Write 100/10 771 740
NT-AFS Read 10 415 740
AIX-AFS Read 10 402 400
AIX-AFS Write 10 519 740
AIX-AIX R/W 10 771 740 (rcp)

 

Windows NT

Our first strategy is to make the installation and re-installation of WinNT and application software from scratch to be as simple and rapid a process as possible.  We are using Ghost to save and load disk images on our AFS fileserver via Samba.

We are using Transarc Corporation's AFS client for WinNT to leverage our existing AFS-based fileservice, backup, authentication, and administration infrastructure for WinNT.  We have purchased and installed NT-AFS for several of the Intel workstations.

We are experimenting with the GINA replacement developed at Notre Dame.  The ND_GINA enables WinNT to use AFS Kerberos authentication for login.  Roaming profiles are stored in each user's AFS home directory.  By executing several scripts at boot time and login/logout time, the ND_GINA also provides an infrastructure for workstation administration.  For other GINA projects, see the MIT NT GINA Information Website.

So far, we have modified, built, and installed the ND_GINA.  We have tested it enough to demonstrate that authentication, fileserver access, and roaming profiles work.  A test workstation supplied by the LASSP project is available to users and is being actively used.  Full-scale deployment is awaiting completion of development and implementation of our WinNT installation strategy.

Linux

We have developed an installation strategy for Linux on Intel architecture workstations.  We are using the MIT AFS client for Linux.  Three of the Intel Grant workstations are available as compute servers using the Distributed Queuing System from Florida State University.  These compute servers are available to our entire 500 user faculty and graduate student research community.  We have also acquired, built, and installed a large selection of data analysis and graphics software for the Linux/Intel platform.

Next Quarter Plans

Deploy Windows NT systems via disk replication.
Development and implementation of a filesystem/registry lock-down strategy.
Expand 100MB Network to include our general user room.
Deploy additional systems in the general user room.
Test and benchmark UNIX workstation applications under Windows and Linux on Intel platform.

 

Contacts

Faculty
Eberhard Bodenschatz - 618 Clark Hall, 255-0794
Alan Zehnder - 317 Kimball Hall, 255-9181
Research staff
Rick Cochran - E20 Clark Hall, 255-7223
Mike Heisler - 302 Thurston Hall, 255-7344
Daniel Blakeley - E20 Clark Hall, 255-6064
Tom Baldwin - E20 Clark Hall, 255-6064
Graduate Students

Equipment Utilization   

Name Type Received Site OS Utilization
seven 266Mhz Pentium II 128MB 11/97 Clark WinNT ND_GINA development
malcolm 266Mhz Pentium II 128MB 11/97 Clark Linux Compute server; Staff workstation
kurn 266Mhz Pentium II 128MB 11/97 Thurston Linux Compute server
mogh 266Mhz Pentium II 128MB 11/97 Thurston Linux Compute server
watson 300Mhz Pentium II 128MB 1/98 Clark WinNT ND_GINA testing
bob 300Mhz Pentium II 128MB 1/98 Clark WinNT Installation testing
torres 300Mhz Pentium II 128MB 1/98 Thurston WinNT Waiting for ND_GINA
  300Mhz Pentium II 128MB 1/98 Thurston WinNT Waiting for ND_GINA
dinosaur 510T 24-port 10/100MHz switching hub 2/98 Clark N/A Network Hub
  510T 24-port 10/100MHz switching hub 2/98 Clark N/A Network Hub

 

 

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Last modified on: 10/08/99