ABC Book
M: Methodology
       
M-N pdf (320KB): click pic
Preface A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Pics

 
Teaching OO using Java
Calculational
logic
festive occasions
ABC book
CS Faculty over the years
CS@Cornell
The Triple-I Administration
How Bush Operated

 

 

M is for methodology —the programming sort.
It’s not caught on big, but don’t sell it short.
A sonnet’s too long to capture its worth,
But a Haiku will work, if it’s absent of mirth.

Programming methodology
What economy,
elegance, simplicity,
beauty, poetry.

Cornell was heavily involved in formal programming methodology almost from the start, e.g. with the first text to take correctness issues seriously (Conway & Gries, 1973), automated proof checking (Constable, 1974 onward), an award-winning paper on proving parallel programs correct (Owicki & Gries, 1975), a text on the science of programming (Gries, 1981), fault tolerance (Schneider & students, 1980s), a discrete math text emphasizing calculational logic (Gries & Schneider, 1990s), and a comprehensive text on concurrent programming (Schneider, 1997).

Unfortunately, methodological issues have not been integrated into the undergrad curriculum as expected. In fact, the word “invariant” doesn’t even appear in most intro-to-programming texts. The reason, I think, is that teaching a “science” of programming requires teaching a skill rather than simply facts, and instructors themselves have not been willing to learn the skills. It is a pity, because with suitable education in programming methodology, later courses in data structures, algorithms, etc. become more efficient and effective. Moreover, students are missing the sheer joy and intellectual fun that comes from watching a beautiful algorithm emerge from following a methodology. The elegance, the simplicity, the poetry in programming are missing.

/** Assume virtual elements
b[-1] = -infinity and b.[b.length] = +infinity.
Return a value i that satisfies

    R: b[i] <= x < b[i+1] */

public static int binarySearch(int[] b, int x)
    int i= -1; int j= b.length;
    // inv: b[i] <= x < b[j] and
              -1 <= i < j <= b.length
    while (j != i+1) {
        int e= (i+j)/2;
        if (b[e] <= x) i= e;
        else j= e;
    }
    return i;
}

“…back in 1986, I wasn’t very impressed, and I didn’t understand why I had to learn that stuff. … But with the passing of the years, I have found that … [what] you imparted to me —against my will— was the most valuable thing I learned at Cornell. You taught us how to do proofs of correctness of programs in the languages and environments, at the level that we would need to do them in the real world, at a level of detail that gave real assurance of correctness of code.”

—a Cornell PhD alumnus, in 2005

 

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