Publications Organized By Topic

Reasoning about Knowledge

Surveys and Overviews

Using reasoning about knowledge to analyze distributed systems, in Annual Reviews of Computer Science, Vol. 2 (ed. J. F. Traub, B. J. Grosz, B. W. Lampson, and N. J. Nilsson), Annual Reviews Inc., 1987, pp. 37-68.
Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning About Knowledge: Proceedings of the 1986 Conference, Morgan Kaufmann, 1986 (editor).
Reasoning about knowledge: an overview, Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning About Knowledge: Proceedings of the 1986 Conference, Morgan Kaufmann, 1986, pp. 1-17; reprinted in Proceedings of the National Computer Conference, 1986, pp. 219-228.
Reasoning about knowledge: a survey, Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence and Logic Programming, Vol. 4, D. Gabbay, C. J. Hogger, and J. A. Robinson, eds., Oxford University Press, 1995, pp. 1-34.
Reasoning About Knowledge, MIT Press, 1995; revised paperback edition published in 2003 (with R. Fagin, Y. Moses, and M. Y. Vardi).

Technical Papers

Towards a theory of knowledge and ignorance, Logics and Models of Concurrent Systems (ed. K. Apt), Springer-Verlag, 1985, pp. 459-476 and in Proceedings of the Workshop on Non-Monotonic Reasoning, 1984, pp. 125-143 (with Y. Moses).
Cheating husbands and other stories: a case study in knowledge, action, and communication, Distributed Computing 1:3, 1986, pp. 167-176 (with D. Dolev and Y. Moses).
Belief, awareness, and limited reasoning, Artificial Intelligence 34, 1988, pp. 39-76 (with R. Fagin).
A knowledge-based analysis of zero knowledge, Proceedings of the 20th ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, 1988, pp. 132-147 (with Y. Moses and M. Tuttle).
I'm OK if you're OK: On the notion of trusting communication, Journal of Philosophical Logic 17:4, 1988, pp. 329-354 (with R. Fagin).
The complexity of reasoning about knowledge and time, I: lower bounds, Journal of Computer and Systems Science 38:1, 1989, pp. 195-237 (with M. Y. Vardi).
Modelling knowledge and action in distributed systems, Distributed Computing 3:4, 1989, pp. 159-177 (with R. Fagin).
Knowledge and common knowledge in a distributed environment, Journal of the ACM 37:3, 1990, pp. 549-587 (with Y. Moses).
A characterization of eventual Byzantine agreement, SIAM Journal on Computing 31:3, 2001, pp. 838-865 (with Y. Moses and O. Waarts).
The relationship between knowledge, belief, and certainty, Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence 4, 1991, pp. 301-322.
A model-theoretic analysis of knowledge, Journal of the ACM 38:2, 1991, pp. 382-428 (with R. Fagin and M. Y. Vardi).
Model checking vs. theorem proving: a manifesto, Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of Computation (Papers in Honor of John McCarthy) (ed. V. Lifschitz), Academic Press, 1991, pp. 151-176 (with M. Vardi).
A guide to completeness and complexity for modal logics of knowledge and belief, Artificial Intelligence 54, 1992, pp. 319-379 (with Y. Moses).
A little knowledge goes a long way: knowledge-based derivations and correctness proofs for a family of protocols, Journal of the ACM 39:3, 1992, pp. 449-478 (with L. Zuck).
Knowledge, probability, and adversaries, Journal of the ACM 40:4, pp. 917-962, 1993 (with M. Tuttle).
Naming and identity in epistemic logics, I: The propositional case, Journal of Logic and Computation 3:4, 1993, pp. 345-378 (with A. J. Grove).
Reasoning about knowledge and probability, Journal of the ACM 41:2, 1994, pp. 340-367 (with R. Fagin).
Algorithmic knowledge, Proceedings of the 5th Conference on Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning About Knowledge, 1994, pp. 255-266 (with Y. Moses and M. Y. Vardi).
An operational semantics for knowledge bases, AAAI-94 (Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence), pp. 1142-1147, 1994 (with R. Fagin, Y. Moses, and M. Y. Vardi).
Levesque's axiomatization of only knowing is incomplete, Artificial Intelligence 74:2, 1995, pp. 381-387 (with G. Lakemeyer).
A nonstandard approach to the logical omniscience problem, Artificial Intelligence 79:2, 1995, pp. 203-240 (with R. Fagin and M. Y. Vardi).
Should knowledge entail belief?, Journal of Philosophical Logic 25:5, 1996, pp. 483-494.
Multi-agent only knowing, Journal of Logic and Computation 11:1, 2001, pp. 41-70 (with G. Lakemeyer).
On the knowledge requirements for tasks, Artificial Intelligence 98:1-2, 1998, pp. 317-349 (with R. Brafman and Y. Shoham).
Hypothetical knowledge and counterfactual reasoning, International Journal of Game Theory 28:3, 1999, pp. 315-330.
Common knowledge revisited, Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 96, 1999, pp. 89-105. (with R. Fagin, Y. Moses, and M. Y. Vardi).
A theory of knowledge and ignorance for many agents, Journal of Logic and Computation 7:1, 1997, pp. 79-108.
On ambiguities in the interpretation of game trees, Games and Economic Behavior 20, 1997, pp. 66-96.
Knowledge-based programs, Distributed Computing 10:4, 1997, pp. 199-225 (with R. Fagin, Y. Moses, and M. Y. Vardi).
Complete axiomatizations for reasoning about knowledge and time, SIAM Journal on Computing 33:2, 2004, pp. 674-703 (with R. van der Meyden, and M. Y. Vardi)
Set-theoretic completeness for epistemic and conditional logic, Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence 26, 1999, pp. 1-27.
The hierarchical approach to modeling knowledge and common knowledge, International Journal of Game Theory 28:3, 1999, pp. 331-365 (with R. Fagin, J. Geanakoplos, and M. Y. Vardi).
Characterizing the common prior assumption, Journal of Economic Theory 106:2, 2002, pp. 316-355.
Using counterfactuals in knowledge-based programming, Distributed Computing 17:2, pp. 91-106 (with Y. Moses).
A knowledge-theoretic analysis of uniform distributed coordination and failure detectors, Distributed Computing 17:3, 2005, pp. 223-236 (with A. Ricciardi).
Reasoning about common knowledge with infinitely many agents, Information and Computation 191:1, 2004, pp. 1-40 (with R. Shore).
Substantive rationality and backward induction Games and Economic Behavior 37, pp. 425-435.
Alternative semantics for unawareness, Games and Economic Behavior 37, 2001, pp. 321-339.
A note on knowledge-based protocols and specifications, Distributed Computing 13:3, 2000, pp. 145-153.
Secrecy in multi-agent systems, ACM Transactions on Information and System Security 2008, to appear (with K. O'Neill).
Complete axiomatizations for reasoning about knowledge and time, SIAM Journal on Computing 33:2, 2004, pp. 674-703 (with R. van der Meyden and M. Vardi).
Modeling adversaries in a logic for security protocol analysis Proceedings: Formal Aspects of Security, 2003 (with R. Pucella).
Anonymity and information hiding in multiagent systems, Journal of Computer Security 13:3, 2005, pp. 483-514 (with K. O'Neill).
Probabilistic algorithmic knowledge, Logical Methods in Computer Science 1:3, 2005 (with R. Pucella).
Knowledge-based synthesis of distributed systems using event structures, Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Logic for Programming, Artificial Intelligence, and Reasoning (LPAR 2004), 2005 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 3452), pp. 449-465 (with M. Bickford, R. L. Constable, J. Y. Halpern, and S. Petride)
Interactive awareness revisited, Games and Economic Behavior 62:1, 2008, pp. 232-262 (with L. Rego)
Reasoning about knowledge of unawareness, Tenth International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KR 2006), 2006, pp. 14-24 (with L. Rego)
A knowledge-based analysis of global function computation, Proceedings of the 20th International Symposium on Distributed Computing, 2006, pp. 136--150 (with S. Petride).
Characterizing the NP-PSPACE gap in the satisfiability problem for modal logic, Journal of Logic and Computation 17:4, pp. 795-806, 2007 (with L. Rego).
Characterizing solution concepts in games using knowledge-based programs, Proceedings of the 20th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI 2007), 2007, pp. 1300-1307 (with Y. Moses).
Dealing with logical omniscience, Proceedings of Eleventh Conference on Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge, 2007, pp. 169-176 (with R. Pucella).
Generalized solution concepts in games with possibly unaware players, Proceedings of Eleventh Conference on Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge, 2007, pp. 253-262 (with L. C. Rego).
On definability in multimodal logic II. Defining knowledge in terms of belief. Unpublished manuscript, (with D. Samet and E. Segev).

Reasoning about Uncertainty

Surveys and Overviews

A logical approach to reasoning about uncertainty: a tutorial, Discourse, Interaction, and Communication, X. Arrazola, K. Korta, and F. J. Pelletier, eds., Kluwer, 1998, pp. 141-155.
Reasoning About Uncertainty, MIT Press, 2003; (slightly) revised paperback edition published in 2005.

Probabilistic Reasoning

A logic for reasoning about probabilities, Information and Computation 87:1,2, 1990, pp. 78-128 (with R. Fagin and N. Megiddo)
An analysis of first-order logics of probability, Artificial Intelligence 46, 1990, pp. 311-350.
Let many flowers bloom: a response to ``An inquiry into computer understanding'', Computational Intelligence 6, 1990, pp. 184-188.
The relationship between knowledge, belief, and certainty, Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence 4, 1991, pp. 301-322.
Uncertainty, belief, and probability, Computational Intelligence 7, 1991, pp. 160-173 (with R. Fagin).
Knowledge, probability, and adversaries, Journal of the ACM 40:4, pp. 917-962, 1993 (with M. Tuttle).
A response to ``Believing on the basis of evidence'', Computational Intelligence 10:1, 1994, pp. 21-25 (with F. Bacchus, A. J. Grove, and D. Koller).
Reasoning about knowledge and probability, Journal of the ACM 41:2, 1994, pp. 340-367 (with R. Fagin).
Decidability and expressiveness for first-order logics of probability, Information and Computation 112:1, 1994, pp. 1-36 (with M. Abadi).
Reasoning about noisy sensors in the situation calculus, Artificial Intelligence 111, 1999, pp. 131-169 (with F. Bacchus and H. Levesque).
Representation dependence in probabilistic inference, Journal of AI Research 21, 2004, pp. 319-356 (with D. Koller).
Asymptotic conditional probabilities: the unary case, SIAM Journal on Computing 25:1, 1996, pp. 1-51, (with A. J. Grove and D. Koller).
Asymptotic conditional probabilities: the non-unary case, Journal of Symbolic Logic 61:1, 1996, pp. 250-275 (with A. J. Grove and D. Koller).
A counterexample to theorems of Cox and Fine, In Journal of AI Research 10, 1999, pp. 67-85.
Cox's Theorem revisited In Journal of AI Research 11, 1999, pp. 429-435.
Irrelevance and conditioning in first-order probabilistic logic, AAAI-96 (Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence), 1996, pp. 569-576 (with D. Koller).
Probability update: conditioning vs. cross-entropy, Proceedings of the Thirteenth Conference on Uncertainty in AI, 1997, pp. 208-214 (with A. J. Grove).
Defining explanation in probabilistic systems, Proceedings of the Thirteenth Conference on Uncertainty in AI, 1997, pp. 62-71 (with U. Chajewska).
Updating sets of probabilities, Proceedings of the Fourteenth Conference on Uncertainty in AI, 1998, pp. 173-182 (with A. Grove).
Lexicographic probability, conditional probability, and nonstandard probability, Proceedings of the Eighth Conference on Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge, 2001, pp. 17-30.
A logic for reasoning about upper probabilities, Journal of AI Research 17, pp. 57-81, 2002 (with R. Pucella).
Updating probabilities, Journal of AI Research 19, 2003 (with P. D. Grunwald).
Characterizing and reasoning about probabilistic and non-probabilistic expectation, Journal of the ACM 54:3, 2007 (with R. Pucella).
Probabilistic algorithmic knowledge Logical Methods in Computer Science 1:3, 2005 (with R. Pucella).
A logic for reasoning about evidence, Journal of AI Research 26, 2006, pp. 1--34 (with R. Pucella).
Sleeping Beauty reconsidered: conditioning and reflection in asynchronous systems, Oxford Studies in Epistemology, Vol. 1 (T. S. Gendler and J. Hawthorne, eds.), 2005, pp.~111--142.
When ignorance is bliss, Proceedings of the Twentieth Conference on Uncertainty in AI, 2004, pp. 226-234 (with P. D. Grunwald).
Evidence with uncertain likelihoods, to appear Synthese (with R. Pucella).
A game-theoretic analysis of updating sets of probabilities, Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth Conference on Uncertainty in AI, 2008 (with P. D. Grunwald).

Plausibility Measures

Plausibility measures: a user's guide, Proceedings of the Eleventh Conference on Uncertainty in AI, 1995, pp. 175-184 (with N. Friedman).
Plausibility measures and default reasoning, Journal of the ACM 48:4, 2001, pp. 648-685 (with N. Friedman).
First-order conditional logic for default reasoning revisited, ACM Transactions on Computational Logic 1:2, 2000, pp. 175-207 (with N. Friedman and D. Koller).
A qualitative Markov assumption and its implications for belief change, Proceedings of the Twelfth Conference on Uncertainty in AI, 1996, pp. 263-273 (with N. Friedman).
Modeling belief in dynamic systems. Part I: Foundations, Artificial Intelligence 95:2, 1997, pp. 257-316 (with N. Friedman).
Modeling belief in dynamic systems. Part II: Revision and Update, Journal of AI Research 10, 1999, pp. 117-167 (with N. Friedman).
Belief revision: a critique, Journal of Logic, Language, and Information 8, 1999, pp. 401-420 (with N. Friedman).
Plausibility measures and default reasoning: an overview (invited talk), Proceedings of the 14th IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science, 1999, pp. 130-135 (with N. Friedman).
Conditional plausibility measures and Bayesian networks, Journal of AI Research 14, 2001, pp. 359-389.
Plausibility measures: A general approach for representing uncertainty, Proceedings of the 17th International Joint Conference on AI (IJCAI 2001), 2001, pp. 1474--1483.

From Statistics to Beliefs

From statistics to belief, Proceedings of AAAI-92 (Proceedings of the Tenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 1992, pp. 602-608 (with F. Bacchus, A. J. Grove, and D. Koller).
Statistical foundations for default reasoning, Proceedings of the 13th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI 93), 1993, pp. 563-569 (with F. Bacchus, A. J. Grove, and D. Koller).
Generating degrees of belief from statistical information: an overview, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 761, Springer, 1993, pp. 318-325 (with F. Bacchus, A. J. Grove, and D. Koller).
Random worlds and maximum entropy, Journal of AI Research 2, 1994, pp. 33-88 (with A. J. Grove and D. Koller).
Forming beliefs about a changing world, AAAI-94 (Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence), 1994, pp. 222-229 (with F. Bacchus, A. J. Grove, and D. Koller).
Generating new beliefs from old, Proceedings of the Tenth Conference on Uncertainty in AI, 1994, pp. 37-45 (with F. Bacchus, A. J. Grove, and D. Koller).
A response to ``Believing on the basis of evidence'', Computational Intelligence 10:1, 1994, pp. 21-25 (with F. Bacchus, A. J. Grove, and D. Koller).
Asymptotic conditional probabilities: the unary case, SIAM Journal on Computing 25:1, 1996, pp. 1-51, (with A. J. Grove and D. Koller).
Asymptotic conditional probabilities: the non-unary case, Journal of Symbolic Logic 61:1, 1996, pp. 250-275 (with A. J. Grove and D. Koller).
From statistical knowledge bases to degrees of belief, Artificial Intelligence 87:1-2, 1996, pp. 75-143 (with F. Bacchus, A. J. Grove, and D. Koller).

Dempster-Shafer Belief Functions

Uncertainty, belief, and probability, Computational Intelligence 7, 1991, pp. 160-173 (with R. Fagin).
A new approach to updating beliefs, Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence 6, (eds. P. P. Bonissone, M. Henrion, L. N. Kanal, and J. F. Lemmer), 1991, pp. 347-374 (with R. Fagin).
Two views of belief: belief as generalized probability and belief as evidence, Artificial Intelligence 54, 1992, pp. 275-317 (with R. Fagin).

Likelihood and Other Qualitative Approaches

A logic to reason about likelihood, Artificial Intelligence 32:3, 1987, pp. 379-405 (with M. O. Rabin).
Likelihood, probability, and knowledge, Computational Intelligence 5, pp. 151-160, 1989 (with D. A. McAllester).
Defining relative likelihood in partially-ordered preferential structures, Journal of AI Research 7, 1997, pp. 1-24. April, 1997

Causal and Counterfactual Reasoning

Hypothetical knowledge and counterfactual reasoning, International Journal of Game Theory 28:3, 1999, pp. 331-365 (with R. Fagin, J. Geanakoplos, and M. Y. Vardi).
Using counterfactuals in knowledge-based programming, Distributed Computing 17:2, pp. 91-106 (with Y. Moses).
Axiomatizing causal reasoning, Journal of AI Research 12, 2000, pp. 317-337.
Causes and explanations: a structural-model approach. Part I: Causes, British Journal for Philosophy of Science 56:4, 2005, pp. 843--887 (with J. Pearl).
Causes and explanations: a structural-model approach. Part II: Explanations, British Journal for Philosophy of Science 56:4, 2005, pp. 889--911 (with J. Pearl).
Responsibility and blame: A structural-model approach. Journal of AI Research 22, 2004, pp. 93--115 (with H. Chockler).
What causes a system to satisfy a specification?, ACM Transactions on Computational Logic 9:3, 2008 (with H. Chockler and O. Kupferman).
Defaults and normality in causal structures, Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KR 2008), 2008.

Evidence

Two views of belief: belief as generalized probability and belief as evidence, Artificial Intelligence 54, 1992, pp. 275-317 (with R. Fagin).
A logic for reasoning about evidence Journal of AI Research 26, 2006, pp. 1--34, (with R. Pucella).
Evidence with uncertain likelihoods, to appear Synthese (with R. Pucella).

Belief Change

Modeling belief in dynamic systems. Part I: Foundations, Artificial Intelligence 95:2, 1997, pp. 257-316 (with N. Friedman).
Modeling belief in dynamic systems. Part II: Revision and Update, Journal of AI Research 10, 1999, pp. 117-167 (with N. Friedman).
On the complexity of conditional logics, Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KR '94), 1994, pp. 202-213 (with N. Friedman).
Conditional logics of belief change, AAAI-94 (Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence), 1994, pp. 915-921 (with N. Friedman).
First-order conditional logic for default reasoning revisited, ACM Transactions on Computational Logic 1:2 2000, pp. 175-207 (with N. Friedman and D. Koller).
A qualitative Markov assumption and its implications for belief change, Proceedings of the Twelfth Conference on Uncertainty in AI, 1996, pp. 263-273 (with N. Friedman).
Belief revision: a critique, Journal of Logic, Language, and Information 8, 1999, pp. 401-420 (with N. Friedman).
Belief revision with unreliable observations, AAAI-98 (Proceedings of the Fifteenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence), 1998, pp. 127-134 (with C. Boutilier and N. Friedman).

Nonmonotonic Reasoning, Default Reasoning, and Only Knowing

Towards a theory of knowledge and ignorance, in Proceedings of the Workshop on Non-Monotonic Reasoning, 1984, pp. 125-143 (with Y. Moses).
Statistical foundations for default reasoning, Proceedings of the 13th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI 93), 1993, pp. 563-569 (with F. Bacchus, A. J. Grove, and D. Koller).
Levesque's axiomatization of only knowing is incomplete, Artificial Intelligence 74:2, 1995, pp. 381-387 (with G. Lakemeyer).
Multi-agent only knowing, Journal of Logic and Computation 11:1, 2001, pp. 41-70 (with G. Lakemeyer).
Plausibility measures and default reasoning, Journal of the ACM 48:4, 2001, pp. 648-685 (with N. Friedman)
First-order conditional logic for default reasoning revisited, ACM Transactions on Computational Logic 1:2, 2000, pp. 175-207 (with N. Friedman and D. Koller).
A theory of knowledge and ignorance for many agents, Journal of Logic and Computation 7:1, 1997, pp. 79-108.
A critical reexamination of default logic, autoepistemic logic, and only knowing, Computational Intelligence 13:1, 1997, pp. 144-163.
Plausibility measures and default reasoning: an overview (invited talk), Proceedings of the 14th IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science, 1999, pp. 130-135 (with N. Friedman).
From qualitative to quantitative proofs of security properties using first-order conditional logic, AAAI-08 (Proceedings of the Twenty-Third AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence), 2008.
Defaults and normality in causal structures, Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KR 2008), 2008.

Modal Logic

Deterministic propositional dynamic logic: finite models, complexity, and completeness, Journal of Computer and Systems Science 25:3, 1982, pp. 402-417 (with M. Ben-Ari and A. Pnueli).
On the expressive power of nondeterminism in dynamic logic, Proceedings of the 9th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming, 1982, pp. 48-60 (with P. Berman and J. Tiuryn).
The propositional dynamic logic of deterministic, well-structured programs, Theoretical Computer Science 27, 1983, pp. 127-165 (with J. H. Reif).
Deterministic process logic is elementary, Information and Control 57:1, 1983, pp. 56-89.
A hardware semantics based on temporal intervals, Proceedings of the 10th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming, 1983, pp. 278-291 (with B. Moszkowski and Z. Manna).
Decision procedures and expressiveness in the temporal logic of branching time, Journal of Computer and Systems Science 30:1, 1985, pp. 1-24 (with E. A. Emerson).
Equations between regular terms and an application to process logic, SIAM J. Computing 14:4, 1985, pp. 935-942 (with A. Chandra, A. R. Meyer, and R. Parikh).
``Sometimes'' and ``not never'' revisited: on branching vs. linear time, Journal of the ACM 33:1, 1986, pp. 151-178 (with E. A. Emerson).
A logic to reason about likelihood, Artificial Intelligence 32:3, 1987, pp. 379-405 (with M. O. Rabin).
The complexity of reasoning about knowledge and time, I: lower bounds, Journal of Computer and Systems Science 38:1, 1989, pp. 195-237 (with M. Y. Vardi).
Likelihood, probability, and knowledge, Computational Intelligence 5, pp. 151-160, 1989 (with D. A. McAllester).
A logic for reasoning about probabilities, Information and Computation 87:1,2, 1990, pp. 78-128 (with R. Fagin and N. Megiddo)
An analysis of first-order logics of probability, Artificial Intelligence 46, 1990, pp. 311-350.
The relationship between knowledge, belief, and certainty, Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence 4, 1991, pp. 301-322.
A model-theoretic analysis of knowledge, Journal of the ACM 38:2, 1991, pp. 382-428 (with R. Fagin and M. Y. Vardi).
A propositional modal interval logic, Journal of the ACM 38:4, 1991, pp. 935-962 (with Y. Shoham).
Model checking vs. theorem proving: a manifesto, Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of Computation (Papers in Honor of John McCarthy) (ed. V. Lifschitz), Academic Press, 1991, pp. 151-176 (with M. Vardi).
What can machines know? On the properties of knowledge in distributed systems, Journal of the ACM 39:2, 1992, pp. 328-376 (with R. Fagin and M. Y. Vardi).
A guide to completeness and complexity for modal logics of knowledge and belief, Artificial Intelligence 54, 1992, pp. 319-379 (with Y. Moses).
What is an inference rule?, Journal of Symbolic Logic 57:3, 1992, pp. 1018-1045 (with R. Fagin and M. Y. Vardi).
Naming and identity in epistemic logics, I: The propositional case, Journal of Logic and Computation 3:4, 1993, pp. 345-378 (with A. J. Grove).
Reasoning about knowledge and probability, Journal of the ACM 41:2, 1994, pp. 340-367 (with R. Fagin).
Decidability and expressiveness for first-order logics of probability, Information and Computation 112:1, 1994, pp. 1-36 (with M. Abadi).
Zero-one laws for modal logic, Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 69, 1994, pp. 157-193 (with B. M. Kapron).
On the complexity of conditional logics, Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KR '94), 1994, pp. 202-213 (with N. Friedman).
Conditional logics of belief change, AAAI-94 (Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence), 1994, pp. 915-921 (with N. Friedman).
The effect of bounding the number of primitive propositions and the depth of nesting on the complexity of modal logic, Artificial Intelligence 75:2, 1995, pp. 361-372.
Levesque's axiomatization of only knowing is incomplete, Artificial Intelligence 74:2, 1995, pp. 381-387 (with G. Lakemeyer).
A nonstandard approach to the logical omniscience problem, Artificial Intelligence 79:2, 1995, pp. 203-240 (with R. Fagin and M. Y. Vardi).
Should knowledge entail belief?, Journal of Philosophical Logic 25:5, 1996, pp. 483-494.
Common knowledge revisited, Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 96, 1999, pp. 89-105. (with R. Fagin, Y. Moses, and M. Y. Vardi).
Plausibility measures and default reasoning, Journal of the ACM 48:4, 2001, pp. 648-685 (with N. Friedman).
First-order conditional logic for default reasoning revisited, ACM Transactions on Computational Logic 1:2, 2000, pp. 175-207 (with N. Friedman and D. Koller).
A theory of knowledge and ignorance for many agents, Journal of Logic and Computation 7:1, 1997, pp. 79-108.
Complete axiomatizations for reasoning about knowledge and time, SIAM Journal on Computing 33:2, 2004, pp. 674-703 (with R. van der Meyden, and M. Y. Vardi)
Defining relative likelihood in partially-ordered preferential structures, Journal of AI Research 7, 1997, pp. 1-24. April, 1997
Set-theoretic completeness for epistemic and conditional logic, Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence 26, 1999, pp. 1-27.
Hypothetical knowledge and counterfactual reasoning, International Journal of Game Theory 28:3, 1999, pp. 315-330.
The hierarchical approach to modeling knowledge and common knowledge, International Journal of Game Theory 28:3, 1999, pp. 331-365 (with R. Fagin, J. Geanakoplos, and M. Y. Vardi).
Characterizing the common prior assumption, Journal of Economic Theory 106:2, 2002, pp. 316-355.
Axiomatizing causal reasoning, Journal of AI Research 12, 2000, pp. 317-337.
Reasoning about common knowledge with infinitely many agents, Information and Computation 191:1, 2004, pp. 1-40 (with R. Shore).
A logic for SDSI's linked local named spaces, Journal of Computer Security 9:1,2, 2001, pp. 47-74 (with R. van der Meyden).
Alternative semantics for unawareness, Games and Economic Behavior 37, 2001, pp. 321--339.
A logical reconstruction of SPKI, Journal of Computer Security 11:4, 2003, pp. 581-614 (with R. van der Meyden).
A logic for reasoning about upper probabilities, Journal of AI Research 17, pp. 57-81, 2002 (with R. Pucella).
Characterizing and reasoning about probabilistic and non-probabilistic expectation, Journal of the ACM 54:3, 2007 (with R. Pucella).
Complete axiomatizations for reasoning about knowledge and time, SIAM Journal on Computing 33:2, 2004, pp. 674-703 (with R. van der Meyden and M. Vardi).
Interactive awareness revisited, Games and Economic Behavior 62:1, 2008, pp. 232-262 (with L. Rego)
Reasoning about knowledge of unawareness, Tenth International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KR 2006), 2006, pp. 14-24 (with L. Rego)
Characterizing the NP-PSPACE gap in the satisfiability problem for modal logic, Journal of Logic and Computation 17:4, pp. 795-806, 2007 (with L. Rego).
Dealing with logical omniscience, Proceedings of Eleventh Conference on Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge, 2007, pp. 169-176 (with R. Pucella).
On definability in multimodal logic I. Basic notions. Unpublished manuscript, (with D. Samet and E. Segev).
On definability in multimodal logic II. Defining knowledge in terms of belief. Unpublished manuscript, (with D. Samet and E. Segev).

Distributed Computing

Using reasoning about knowledge to analyze distributed systems, in Annual Reviews of Computer Science, Vol. 2 (ed. J. F. Traub, B. J. Grosz, B. W. Lampson, and N. J. Nilsson), Annual Reviews Inc., 1987, pp. 37-68.
Optimal precision in the presence of uncertainty, Journal of Complexity 1, 1985, pp. 170-196 (with N. Megiddo and A. Munshi).
On the possibility and impossibility of achieving clock synchronization, Journal of Computer and Systems Science 32:2, 1986, pp. 230-250, (with D. Dolev and H. R. Strong).
Cheating husbands and other stories: a case study in knowledge, action, and communication, Distributed Computing 1:3, 1986, pp. 167-176 (with D. Dolev and Y. Moses).
A new look at fault-tolerant network routing, Information and Computation 72:3, 1987, pp. 180-196 (with D. Dolev, B. Simons, and H. R. Strong).
Modelling knowledge and action in distributed systems, Distributed Computing 3:4, 1989, pp. 159-177 (with R. Fagin).
Knowledge and common knowledge in a distributed environment, Journal of the ACM 3:3, 1990, pp. 549-587 (with Y. Moses).
A characterization of eventual Byzantine agreement, SIAM Journal on Computing 31:3, 2001, pp. 838-865 (with Y. Moses and O. Waarts).
Clock synchronization and the power of broadcasting, Distributed Computing 5:2, 1991, pp. 73-83 (with I. Suzuki).
A note on knowledge-based protocols and specifications, Distributed Computing 13:3, 2000, pp. 145-153.
Message-optimal protocols for Byzantine agreement, Mathematical Systems Theory 26, 1993, pp. 41-102 (with V. Hadzilacos).
The failure discovery problem, Mathematical Systems Theory 26, 1993, pp. 103-129 (with V. Hadzilacos).
Knowledge, probability, and adversaries, Journal of the ACM 40:4, pp. 917-962, 1993 (with M. Tuttle).
Dynamic fault-tolerant clock synchronization, Journal of the ACM 42:1, 1995, pp. 143-185 (with B. Simons, H. R. Strong, and D. Dolev).
Performing work efficiently in the presence of faults, SIAM Journal on Computing 27:5, 1998, pp. 1457-1491 (with C. Dwork and O. Waarts).
Knowledge-based programs, Distributed Computing 10:4, 1997, pp. 199-225 (with R. Fagin, Y. Moses, band M. Y. Vardi).
Using counterfactuals in knowledge-based programming, Distributed Computing 17:2, pp. 91-106 (with Y. Moses).
A decision-theoretic approach to reliable message delivery, Distributed Computing 14, 2001, pp. 1-16 (with F. Chu).
A knowledge-theoretic analysis of uniform distributed coordination and failure detectors, Distributed Computing 17:3, 2005, pp. 223-236 (with A. Ricciardi).
A computer scientist looks at game theory, Games and Economic Behavior 45:1, 2003, pp. 114-131.
Distributed computing meets game theory: robust mechanisms for rational secret sharing and multiparty computation, Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Annual ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing, 2006, pp. 53-62 (with I. Abraham, D. Dolev, and R. Gonen).
A knowledge-based analysis of global function computation, Proceedings of the 20th International Symposium on Distributed Computing, 2006, pp. 136--150 (with S. Petride).
Lower bounds on implementing robust and resilient mediators, Proceedings of the Fifth Theory of Cryptography Conference, 2008, pp. 302--319 (with I. Abraham and D. Dolev).
An almost-surely terminating polynomial protocol for asynchronous Byzantine agreement with optimal resilience, Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh Annual ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing, 2008, pp. 405-414 (with I. Abraham and D. Dolev).
Beyond Nash equilibrium: Solution concepts for the 21st century, Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh Annual ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing, 2008, pp. 1-10; reprinted in Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KR 2008), 2008.
Game theory with costly computation, unpublished manuscript, 2008 (with R. Pass).

Game Theory

On ambiguities in the interpretation of game trees, Games and Economic Behavior 20, 1997, pp. 66-96.
On the expected value of games with absentmindedness, Games and Economic Behavior 20, 1997, pp. 51.-65 (with A. Grove).
Hypothetical knowledge and counterfactual reasoning, International Journal of Game Theory 28:3, 1999, pp. 315-330.
The hierarchical approach to modeling knowledge and common knowledge, International Journal of Game Theory 28:3, 1999, pp. 331-365 (with R. Fagin, J. Geanakoplos, and M. Y. Vardi).
Characterizing the common prior assumption, Journal of Economic Theory 106:2, 2002, pp. 316-355.
Substantive rationality and backward induction Games and Economic Behavior 37, pp. 425-435.
Alternative semantics for unawareness, Games and Economic Behavior 37, pp. 321-339.
Lexicographic probability, conditional probability, and nonstandard probability, Proceedings of the Eighth Conference on Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge, 2001, pp. 17-30.
On the NP-Completeness of finding an optimal strategy in games with common payoffs, International Journal of Game Theory 30:1, 2001, pp. 99-106 (with F. Chu).
A computer scientist looks at game theory, Games and Economic Behavior 45:1, 2003, pp. 114-131.
Rational secret sharing and multiparty computation, Proceedings of 36th ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, 2004, pp. 623-632 (with V. Teague).
On spectrum sharing games, Procedings of the Twenty-Third Annual ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing, 2004, p. 107-114 (with M. M. Halldorsson, L. Li, and V. Mirrokni).
Interactive awareness revisited, Games and Economic Behavior 62:1, 2008, pp. 232-262 (with L. Rego)
Reasoning about knowledge of unawareness, Tenth International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KR 2006), 2006, pp. 14-24 (with L. Rego)
Efficiency and Nash equilibria in a scrip system for P2P networks, Proceedings of the Seventh ACM Conference on Electronic Commerce, 2006, pp. 140--149 (with E. Friedman and I. Kash).
Extensive games with possibly unaware players, Proceedings of the Fifth International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, 2006, pp. 744--751 (with L. Rego).
Distributed computing meets game theory: robust mechanisms for rational secret sharing and multiparty computation, Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Annual ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing, 2006, pp. 53-62 (with I. Abraham, D. Dolev, and R. Gonen).
Characterizing solution concepts in games using knowledge-based programs, Proceedings of the 20th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI 2007), 2007, pp. 1300-1307 (with Y. Moses).
Optimizing scrip systems: efficiency, crashes, hoarders, and altruists, Proceedings of the Eighth ACM Conference on Electronic Commerce, 2007, pp. 305-315 (with E. Friedman and I. Kash).
Generalized solution concepts in games with possibly unaware players, Proceedings of Eleventh Conference on Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge, 2007, pp. 253-262 (with L. C. Rego).
Computer science and game theory: A brief survey, Palgrave Dictionary of Economics (S. N. Durlauf and L. E. Blume, eds.), Palgrave MacMillan, 2008.
A nonstandard characterization of sequential equilibrium, perfect equilibrium, and proper equilibrium , International Journal of Game Theory, 2008, to appear.
Toward expressive and scalable sponsored search auctions, Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Data Engineering, 2008, pp. 237-246 (with D. J. Martin and J. Gehrke).
Lower bounds on implementing robust and resilient mediators, Proceedings of the Fifth Theory of Cryptography Conference, 2008, pp. 302--319 (with I. Abraham and D. Dolev).
Beyond Nash equilibrium: Solution concepts for the 21st century, Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh Annual ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing, 2008, pp. 1-10; reprinted in Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KR 2008), 2008.
A game-theoretic analysis of updating sets of probabilities, Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth Conference on Uncertainty in AI, 2008, pp. 240-247 (with P. Grunwald).
Game theory with costly computation, unpublished manuscript, 2008 (with R. Pass).
Iterated regret minimization: A more realistic solution concept, unpublished manuscript, 2008. (with R. Pass).

Decision Theory

A decision-theoretic approach to reliable message delivery, Distributed Computing 14, 2001, pp. 1-16 (with F. Chu).
Least expected cost query optimization: an exercise in utility, Proceedings of the 18th ACM Symposium on Principles of Database Systems, 1999, pp. 138-147 (with F. Chu and P. Seshadri).
A decision-theoretic approach to resource allocation in wireless multimedia networks, Proceedings of Dial M for Mobility, 2000, pp. 86-95 (with Z. Haas, L. Li, and S. B. Wicker).
Least expected cost query optimization: What can we expect?, Proceedings of the 21st ACM Symposium on Principles of Database Systems, 2002, pp. 293-302 (with F. Chu and J. Gehrke).
Great expectations. Part I: On the customizability of generalized expected utility, Theory and Decision, 64:1, 2008, pp. 1-36 (with F. Chu).
Great expectations. Part II: Generalized expected utility as a universal decision rule, Artificial Intelligence 159:1,2, 2004, pp. 207--230 (with F. Chu).
Intransitivity and vagueness, Ninth International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KR 2004), 2004, pp. 121-129.
Redoing the foundations of decision theory, Tenth International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KR 2006), 2006, pp. 14--24 (with L. E. Blume and D. Easley).
Iterated regret minimization: A more realistic solution concept, unpublished manuscript, 2008. (with R. Pass).

Program Verification and Functional Programming

Axiomatic definitions of programming languages: a theoretical assessment, Journal of the ACM 29:2, April, 1982, pp. 555-576 (with A. R. Meyer).
Axiomatic definitions of programming languages, II, Proceedings of 8th Annual ACM Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages, 1981, pp. 139-148 (with A. R. Meyer).
Deterministic propositional dynamic logic: finite models, complexity, and completeness, Journal of Computer and Systems Science 25:3, 1982, pp. 402-417 (with M. Ben-Ari and A. Pnueli).
On the expressive power of nondeterminism in dynamic logic, Proceedings of the 9th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming, 1982, pp. 48-60 (with P. Berman and J. Tiuryn).
The propositional dynamic logic of deterministic, well-structured programs, Theoretical Computer Science 27, 1983, pp. 127-165 (with J. H. Reif).
Effective axiomatizations of Hoare Logics, Journal of the ACM 30:3, 1983, pp. 612-637 (with E. M. Clarke and S. M. German).
Deterministic process logic is elementary, Information and Control 57:1, 1983, pp. 56-89.
From denotational to operational and axiomatic semantics for Algol-like languages: an overview, Proceedings of CMU Logics of Programs Conference, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 1983, pp. 474-500 (with B. A. Trakhtenbrot and A. R. Meyer).
A hardware semantics based on temporal intervals, Proceedings of the 10th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming, 1983, pp. 278-291 (with B. Moszkowski and Z. Manna).
The semantics of local storage, or what makes the free-list free?, Proceedings of the 11th Annual ACM Symposium on the Principles of Programming Languages, 1984, pp. 245-257 (with B. A. Trakhtenbrot and A. R. Meyer).
A good Hoare axiom system for an Algol-like language, Proceedings of the 11th Annual ACM Symposium on the Principles of Programming Languages, 1984, pp. 262-271.
Decision procedures and expressiveness in the temporal logic of branching time, Journal of Computer and Systems Science 30:1, 1985, pp. 1-24 (with E. A. Emerson).
``Sometimes'' and ``not never'' revisited: on branching vs. linear time, Journal of the ACM 33:1, 1986, pp. 151-178 (with E. A. Emerson).
Reasoning about procedures as parameters in the language L4, Information and Computation 83:3, 1989, pp. 265-359 (the whole volume) (with S. M. German and E. M. Clarke).
Completeness of rewrite rules and rewrite strategies for FP, Journal of the ACM 37:1, 1990, pp. 86-143 (with J. H. Williams and E. L. Wimmers).
A little knowledge goes a long way: knowledge-based derivations and correctness proofs for a family of protocols, Journal of the ACM 39:3, 1992, pp. 449-478 (with L. Zuck).
Full abstraction and expressive completeness for FP, Information and Computation 118:2, 1995, pp. 246-271 (with E. L. Wimmers).
What causes a system to satisfy a specification?, ACM Transactions on Computational Logic 9:3, 2008 (with H. Chockler and O. Kupferman).

Security

A logic for SDSI's linked local named spaces, Journal of Computer Security 9:1,2, 2001, pp. 47-74 (with R. van der Meyden).
A logical reconstruction of SPKI, Journal of Computer Security 11:4, 2003, pp. 581-614 (with R. van der Meyden).
On the relationship between strand spaces and multi-agent systems, ACM Transactions on Information and System Security 6:1, pp. 43-70, 2003 (with R. Pucella)
Secrecy in multi-agent systems, ACM Transactions on Information and System Security 2008, to appear (with K. O'Neill).
Modeling adversaries in a logic for security protocol analysis Proceedings: Formal Aspects of Security, 2003 (with R. Pucella).
Anonymity and information hiding in multiagent systems, Journal of Computer Security 13:3, 2005, pp. 483-514 (with K. O'Neill).
Using first-order logic to reason about policies, ACM Transactions on Information and System Security 2008, to appear (with V. Weissman).
Probabilistic algorithmic knowledge Logical Methods in Computer Science 1:3, 2005 (with R. Pucella).
A formal foundation for XrML, Journal of the ACM 55:1, 2008 (with V. Weissman).
Worst-case background knowledge, Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Data Engineering, 2007, pp. 126-135 (with D. J. Martin, D. Kifer, A. Machanavajjhala, and J. Gehrke).
From qualitative to quantitative proofs of security properties using first-order conditional logic, AAAI-08 (Proceedings of the Twenty-Third AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence), 2008.
Expressing security properties using selective interleaving functions, Unpublished manuscript, 2007 (with S. Petride).

Networks

Sensor-assisted mutiple-access protocols for wireless networks, Proceedings of the 1998 International International Conference on Universal Personal Communications, 1998, (with T. Fine, S. B. Wicker, and T. Berger).
Sensor-assisted ALOHA for wireless networks, Proceedings of the 1998 International Symposium on Information Theory, 1998, p. 161 (with T. Fine, S. B. Wicker, and T. Berger).
A decision-theoretic approach to resource allocation in wireless multimedia networks, Proceedings of Dial M for Mobility, 2000, pp. 86-95 (with Z. Haas, L. Li, and S. B. Wicker).
A minimum-energy path-preserving topology-control algorithm, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 3:3, 2004, pp. 910--921 (with L. Li).
A cone-based distributed topology-control algorithm for wireless multi-hop networks, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networks 13:1, 2005, pp. 147-159 (with L. Li, P. Bahl, Y.-M. Wang, and R. Wattenhofer).
Gossip-based ad hoc routing, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking 14:3, 2006, pp. 479-491 (with Z. Haas and L. Li).

Miscellaneous Papers

On time versus space III, Math. Systems Theory 19, 1986, pp. 13-28 (with M. C. Loui, A. R. Meyer, and D. Weise).
Taken by surprise: the paradox of the surprise test revisited, Journal of Philosophical Logic 15:3, 1986, pp. 281-304 (with Y. Moses).
Presburger arithmetic with unary predicates is complete, Journal of Symbolic Logic 56:2, 1991, pp. 637-642.
A logic for approximate reasoning, Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, 1992, pp. 153-164 (with D. Koller).
A data-acquisition model for learning and cognitive development and its implications for autism, unpublished manuscript, 2004 (with A. Lotem).
The Computing Research Repository: promoting the rapid dissemination and archiving of computer science, Proceedings of ACM Digital Libraries '99, 1999, pp. 3-11 (with C. Lagoze).
CoRR: A Computing Research Repository (with commentary), ACM Journal of Computer Documentation 24:2, 2000, pp. 41-48; my response to the commentators is on pp. 72-77.
Intransitivity and vagueness, Ninth International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KR 2004), 2004, pp. 121-129.